T S 

3j 



Hand Book 

forArchitects 
Engineers and 
Superintendents 

Bridgeport Brass Co 
Bridgeport ConnUS A 




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M'-:'^^' 



-,f^i: 



Hand Book 

for Architects 
Engineers and 
Superintendents 



With Conveniently Arranged 
Tables and Prices for 

Seamless 

Brass and Copper 

Tubi ng 




MARK 



Copyright 1913, by the 

Bridgeport Brass Company 

Bridgeport, Connecticut 



Bridgeport Brass C o m p 



Ind 



ex 



Administration Bldg., View of 18 

Admiralty Mixture and Brass Condenser Tubes, 

Prices for 3G 

Aluminum Bronze Rods, etc 2\ 

American or B. & S. Gauge in Decimals of Inch 59 

Annealing and Pickling 15, 17 

Areas of Circles for Diameters in Inches and 

Fractions of Inches from 1/64- to 63/64 

Inches 68-71 

Areas of Circles for Diameters in Inches and 

Decimals of Inches 0.1 to 10.0 Inches 74, 75 

Areas and Circumferences of Circles 76-86 

Areas, Transverse, of Iron Pipe Sizes 38 

Areas of Regular Polygons 75 

Areas, Rule for Calculating 87 

Automobile Wind Shields 24 

Bessemer Tubes, Collapsing Pressure of 49 

Brass, Copper and Cierman Silver Sheets ~i 

Brass and Cop])er Rods, Round, Square or 

Rectangular 24 

Brass and Cop})er Tube, Rod and Rolling Mill 

(Illustration) 10, 16 

Brass aaid Copper Tubing, Method of Manu- 
facturing 13, 21 

Brass Seamless Tubes, Iron Pipe Sizes, Prices 

for 37 

Brass Seamless Tubes, Stub's Gauge, Prices 

for 34, 35 

Brass and Copper Tubing, Rules and Regula- 
tions for use of 53, 54 

Brass Seamless Tubes, Stub's Gauge, Weight 

per foot 26-29 

Brass Seamless Tubes, American or B. & S. 

Gauge, Weight per foot 30-33 

Brass Seamless Tubes, Formula for Calculating 

Collapsing Pressure of _ 49 

Brass Seamless Tubes, Weight, Specific Gravity 

and Tensile Streaigth of 49 

Brass Seamless Tubes, Rules for Use Prescribed 
by Board of Supervising Inspectors of 
Steamboats -53, 54 

Bridgeport Products, List of a Few Other 24 

Bridgeport Brass Co.'s Factory in 1865, Re- 
print from Wood Cut of 1 1 

Bronze Rods -f 

Bronze Tubing, Prices for 35 

Capacities of Rectangular Tanks, figured in 

U. S. gallons for each foot in depth 72 



©Cf.A357852 



Bridgeport, Connecticut 



Cast Shell Process for Manufacturing Tubing 15 

Chemical Laboratory (Illustration) 19 

Circumference, Rule for Finding 87 

Circumferences and Areas of Circles 76-86 

Circles, Areas of 68-71, 76-86 

Circles, Circumferences and Areas of 76-86 

Clark's Diagram of Velocities of Water 66, 67 

Colors to be Used on Valves, Flanges and Fit- 
tings 52 

C\)llapsing Pressure of Tubing, Formula for 

Calculating 49 

Cone or Pyramid, Mensuration of 86 

Condenser Tubes, Prices for 36, 96 

Copper and Brass Rods, Round, Square or Rec- 
tangular 24 

Copper Seamless Tubing, Prices for 35 

Copper Seamless Tubes, Rules for Use of. Pre- 
scribed by Board of Supervising Inspectors 

of Steamboats 53, 51 

Copper Seamless Tubes, Stub's Gauge, Weight 

per foot 40-43 

Copper Seamless Tubes, .vmerican or B. & S. 

Gauge, Weight per foot 44-47 

Copper Seamless Tubes, Formula for Determin- 

iiig Proper Thickness for 49, 96 

Copper Seamless Tul)es, ^\ eight. Specific Grav- 
ity and Tensile StreJigth 49 

Corrosion of Condenser Tubes, Cause of 88-95 

Cupping Process for Maaiufacturing Tubing 13 

Cutting to Exact Length, Additional Prices for... 37 
Cylinder, Mensuration of 86 

Data Required to Insure Prompt Execution of 

Orders 22 

D'Arcy's Formula for Flow of Water 64 

Decimal Equivalents, Fractions of Inches, Re- 
duced to 55 

De-zincification, Bridgeport Tubes Less Suscept- 
ible than Others 17 

Decagon, Area, etc., of 75 

Liameter, Rule for Finding 87 

Dodecagon, Area, etc., of 75 

Drums, Copper or Brass, Rules for Use of 53 

Engine Room, Corner of (Illustration) 23 

Equal Square, Rule for Finding Side of 87 

Equivalents, Fractions of Inch in Decimals 55 

Equivalents of Fractions of Millimeters, and 

Millimeters, in Decimals of Inches 56-58 

Equivalents, Pounds and Kilograms 60, 73 

Equivalents, Metric 60, 61, 73 

Exact Methods of Manufacture 19, 20, 21 



Bridgeport Brass Company 



Extrusion Process for Manufacturing Tubing 15 

Experience Essential to the Proper Practice of 

the Art of Tubeniaking 11 

Fittings, Distinguishing Colors to be Used on 52 

Flanges, Distinguishing Colors to be Used for 52 

Flow of Water in Circular Pipe per Cubic Foot 

per Second 6 1 

Flanges, Schedule of, Standard and Extra 

H eavy 50, 5 1 

Flanging of Copper Tubes, Regulations Pre- 
scribed by Board of Supervising Inspectors 

of Steamboats 53 

Formula for Determining Proper Thickness of 

Copper Pipes 49 

Formula for Calculating Collapsing Pressures 49 

Frustum, Mensuration of 86 

Friction Loss at Different Velocities of Water 

in Pipes (Chart) 66, 67 

Furnaces for Annealing, Special 17 

Gauges, Various, Tables Showing Differences 59 

Gallons, Conversion Tables 54 

German Silver, Sheet-Metal and Manufactured 

Goods 24 

Gilding Tubing, Prices for 35 

Guarantee 21, 96 

Head in Feet of Water, Corresponding to 
Pressure in Pounds per Square Inch at 

62° F 62 

Heat Treatment 17 

heptagon. Area, etc., of 75 

Hexagon, rules for Finding Area of 75, 87 

House Service Pipes, Quantity of Water Dis- 
charged from 6o 

identification of Power House Piping, Report 

of Committee on 52 

Inches, Fractions of. Reduced to Decimal 

Equivalents 55 

Inspection, Tubes Stacked for (Illustration) 14 

Inspection and test 21 

Inscribed Square, Rule for Finding Side of 87 

Inspectors of Steam Vessels, Report on the Use 

of Seamless Brass and Copper Tubes 53, 54 

Iron Pipe Sizes, Prices for 22, 37 

Iron Pipe Sizes, Regular and Extra Heavy, 
Weights, Circumference and Transverse 
Areas of 38 

Kilograms, Equivalents in Pounds 73 



Bridgeport, Connecticut 



Laboratories, Chemical, Physical and Meta- 

lurgical (Illustrations) 19, 20, 21 

Lacquering Seamless Tubes, Prices for 39 

Lengths, Additional Price for Cutting to Exact... 37 

List of a Lew Other Bridgeport Products 24 

I>ondon Gauge, Equivalents in Decimals of Inch... 59 

Low Brass Tubing, Prices for 35 

Manganese Bronze Rods, etc 24 

Mannesmann Process for Manufacturing Tubiaig 15 

Manufacturing Specialties on Order 24 

Mensuration of Cylinders, Comes, etc., Formulas 

for 86 

Methods of Manufacturing "Bridgeport" Seam- 
less Brass and Copper Tubing 13-21 

Metric Equivalemts in English Weights and Ca- 
pacities and in Inches, Feet, Yards, etc., 

60, 61, 73 

Millimeters, Fractional Equivalents of 56, 57, 58 

Moulding, Special Shapes 24 

New British Gauge, in Decimal of Inches 59 

Nickel Plating Seamless Tubes, Prices for 39 

Nonagon, Area, etc., of 75 

Octagon, Rules for Finding Area of 75, 87 

Odd Shapes on Special Order 24 

Old English Gauge, Equivalents in Decimal of 

Lich 59 

Orders, Data Required for 22 

Pentagon, Area, etc., of 75 

Phono-Electric Trolley and Telephone Wire 24 

Phosphor Bronze Rods, etc ^ 24 

Photo-Micrographs (Illustration) 20 

Pickling, Annealing and 15, 17 

Pipe Ihreading, Briggs' Standard for 48 

Polishing Seamless Tubes, Prices for 39 

Polygons, Areas of 75 

Pounds, Equivalemts in Kilograms 73 

Power House Piping, Report of Committee on 

Identification of 52 

Pressure in Pounds per Square Inch for Dif- 
ferent Heads of Water at Cr2° F 63 

Pressure, Internal, Testing Tubes to Withstand 

1,000 lbs. (Illustratiom) 17 

Prices for Seamless Brass Tubes, Stub's Wire 

Gauge the Standard 22, 36, 37 

Prices for Seamless Brass Tubes, Iron Pipe 

Sizes 37 



B !■ i cl g' e p u 1' t B 1- a s s Co iii p a n y 



Prices (Xet) for Polishing, Polishing- and Lac- 
qnering, Polishing and Txickel Plating and 
Threading Seamless Brass amd Copper 

Tubes and Pipes 39 

Products, List of Some Other of the Bridge- 
port Brass Co 21 

Prompt Execution of Orders, Data Required to 

Insure 2-2 

I^uiip Room, Corner of (Illustration) 2.^' 

Pure Metals Only 13, 21 

Pyramid, Mensuration of 86 

Quality of Bridgeport Tubes 11, 17, 21 

(Quantity of Water in Cubic Feet per Minute 

Discharged from House Service Pipes 65 

(Quantity of Water Discharged and Friction Loss 
at Different Velocities of Water in Pipes, 
Clark's Chart 66, 67 

Radius, Rules for Finding 87 

Rectangular Tanks, Capacities of, Figured in 

U. S. Gallons for Each Foot in Depth 72 

Report of Committee of Identification of Power 

House Piping, Revise 1305 52 

Rivets, Copper 21 

Rods 24 

Rods of N'arious Alloys 2i 

Rolling and Wire Mill and Plant for Manufac- 
turing, View of 18 

Rolling and Wire Mill and Plant for Manufac- 
turing (Illustration) 18 

Rules and Regulations for Use of Seamless 
Brass and Copper Tubes, as Prescribed by 
the Board of Supervising Inspectors of 
Steamboats '. 53, 51 

Schedule of Standard Flanges 50 

Schedule of Extra Heavy Flanges 51 

Seamless Tubes, Other than Round, Prices 

for 34, 35, 36 

Segment of Sphere, Mensuration of 86 

Sheet Metal 24 

Silicon Bronze Rods, etc 24 

Slitting and Twisting Tests (Illustration) 21 

Sloping Pipes, Flow of Water in 64 

Special Shapes Drawn or Stamped from Brass, 

Co])per, Bronze or German Silver 24 

Specific Gravity of Brass and Copper Tubes 49 

Sphere and Segment, Mensuration of 86 

Standard Measurements for Threading, Briggs'... 48 

Stub's or Birmingham Gauge, in Dec. of Inch 59 



B r i d s' e P u 1' t, , Connecticut 



Square, Area, etc. of 75 

Square, to Find Side of Equal or Inscribed 87 

Tanks, Capacities of 73 

'lenipers, Classification of 23 

Tensile Strength of Brass and Copper Tubes 49 

Ihreading, Briggs' Standard, Measurements for 48 
'i'hickaiess of Copper Tubes, Formula for De- 
termining 49 

Threading Seamless Brass and Copper Tubes 

and Pipes, Prices for 39 

Tinning, Condenser Tubes, Prices for 36 

Transverse Areas of Seamless Brass and Cop- 
per Tubing, Iron Pipe Sizes 33 

Triangle, Area, etc., of 75 

Tubing, Seamless, Prices for 22, 34-37 

Tube Mill, View of Exterior 10, 13, 16 

Tube Mill, View of Interior 12, 14 

Tubing, Seamless Brass and Copper, Methods of 

Manufacture 13 

Undecagon, Area, etc., of 75 

Umited States Legal Standard Gauge for Sheet 

Iron and Steel 59 

\"alves, Distinguishimg Colors to be Used on 52 

VV'ashburn & Moen Gauge, in Decimals of Inch... 59 

Water Conversion Factors 54 

Water, Head in Feet of. Corresponding to 

Presstires in Pounds 62 

Water, Sloping, Flow of in Circular Pipes, per 

Cubic Foot per Second 64 

Water, in House Service Pipes, Quantity Dis- 
charged 65 

Water, Quantity Discharged and Friction Loss, 

Clark's Chart 66-67 

Water, Head in Feet of, Corresponding to 

Pressures in Pounds 62 

Wedge, Mensuration of 86 

Weight per Foot of Bridgeport Seamless Brass 

Tubes, Stub's Gauge 36-29 

Weight per Foot of Seamless Brass Tubes, 

American or B. & S. Gauge 30-33 

Weight per Foot of Bridgeport Seamless Cop- 
per Tubes, Stub's Gauge 40-43 

Weight per Foot of Seamless Copper Tubes, 

American or B. & S. Gauge 44-47 

Wire, Phono-Electric, Trolley and Telephone 24 



^0 Bridge i) o r t Brass C o m p a n 



10 




1 1 



Bridgeport 



Connecticut 



11 




Bridgeport Brass Company Factor}- in 1865 

[Reprint from an Old Wood Cut] 



THE Bridgeport Brass Company is one of the 
pioneer makers of Seamless Tubing in this 
Country, having been actively identified w^ith 
the industry for over thirty years. To an 
unusual extent the processes employed in the manu- 
facture of this product demand for their successful 
execution a quality of know^ledge obtainable only as 
the result of a long period of accumulated practice. 

While we have for years devoted time and money 
to the scientific study of the natural laws and princi- 
ples underlying the art of tube making, it is through 
long and wide experience that we have learned the 
proper practice of the art itself. This experience is 
of especial value in enabling us to satisfactorily meet 
the great variety of requirements encountered in the 
many uses to which tubes are put. 

It is with entire confidence, therefore, that we 
solicit your orders for Copper and Copper Alloy Seam- 
less Tubing for any and all purposes, including those 
for which exceptional conditions call for unusual 
qualities. 

We are equipped to give our customers all the 
assistance which a perfect plant and a mastery of the 
science and technic of tube making can supply. 



] 2 



B !• i d g- e p () r t Brass C o m v a ii y 



12 




13 B r i d g- e p o r t , Connecticut 13 



il '^'VHHH 



Additions to Tube Mill, Under Construction 

Methods of Manufacturing "Bridgeport" 
Seamless Brass and Copper Tubing 

Pure metals are prime factors in making perfect 
seamless Tubing. We use pure metals only, which 
is one reason for the high quality of the "Bridgeport" 
product. 

We have our own testing laboratories to safeguard 
this quality. As we work in strict accord with in- 
variable formulas and methods, the use of pure metals 
assures for us the greatest economy and expedition in 
manufacturing. 

There are four principle methods for making 
Seamless Tubes of copper or copper alloys: 

1. The Cupping Process 

2. The Extrusion Process 

3. The Mannesmann Process 

4. The Cast Shell Process 

Tlie Cupping Process 

By this method, a flat casting is first made and this 
is rolled down to a sheet of required thickness. Out 
of this sheet, a circular blank is stamped. The blank 
is then "cupped up" on a press. 

By successive cold drawings over steel arbors and 
through hardened steel dies, each reducing the diameter 
and thickness of the tube, the required size and gauge 
is finally reached. The cupping process is used for 



14 



B 1- i d g e p o !• t Brass Company 



14 




15 



Bridgeport, Connecticut 



15 




A n n 



n u- 



making tubes of very large diameter and of comipar- 
atively short lengths. It is used also for making tubes 
of very thin gauge and small diameter. 

The Extrusion Process 

A cylindrical billet is cast. This is heated to a 
plastic temperature and by hydraulic pressure forced 
out through a die, over a steel mandrel. The tube 
thus formed is then cold drawn, over steel triblets 
or arbors and through hardened steel dies. 



The Mannesmann Process 

This process was named for Reinhard Mannesmann, 
a German engineer, who accidentally discovered that 
the cross-rolling of a heated round bar produced a 
rupture through its center with a tendency to form a 
hole along the longitudinal axis. This process, and 
modifications of it, have been used largely in the 
manufacture of brass and copper tubing; but its use is 
limited to certain mixtures which can be worked hot. 
After being rolled on the Mannesmann machine the 
tube must be pointed and cold drawn to required 
size. 

The Cast Shell Process 

A cylindrical shell of suitable length is cast in an 
iron mould over a core. It is then annealed, pickled 
and cold drawn. By this method Tubes can be made 
from practically all ductile alloys. 



16 Bridge ]) o v t B i- ass Co m i > a n 



16 




i d 



it. C u n n e c t i e 11 t 



17 



Annealing and Pickling 

Every Bridgeport Seamless Drawn tube is cold 
drawn from six to eighteen times depending upon the 
guage. Between each drawing, it is necessary to 
anneal and pickle the tubes. For these operations 
which require extreme care, we have special equip- 
ments that have been developed as a result of pro- 
longed experiments. 



Special Heat Treatment 

There are certain requirements, such as those 
occurring in the use of tubes for surface condensers, 
for which, in order to assure the most satisfactory 
service, we include in our process of manufacture a 
special method of heat treatment. The furnaces for 
this purpose are of our own construction and permit 
an accurate measurement and control of temperature. 
We have given this subject very careful study and 
with our special equipment have been able to attain 
for Bridgeport Tubes a Service Quality unequalled 
by tubes made by processes ordinarily considered 
standard. 

One important result of this special treatment is that 
Bridgeport Seamless Tubes are less susceptible to dezin- 
cification than those manufactured by other methods. 



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^ 




i 



Every Tube tested toW'ithstaiul lUUU lbs. Internal Water Pressure 



IS 



B r i a g- e p u r t Brass C o m i) a n y 1 8 




1 9 



li r i d .ti,' e p o r 1 . C o n n e c t i e u t 



19 




Exact Methods of Manufacture 

The aim, in the industrial world to-day, is to stand- 
ardize products and to eliminate guess-work in all 
manufacturing processes. 

Not so very long ago the brass expert determined 
the composition of a copper alloy by scraping it with 
a tool and noting color and hardness. And he guided 
his mixing, casting, drawing, annealing and other 
operations by equally uncertain " rule of thumb " 
methods. 

The modern way — the way of the Bridgeport Brass 
Company — is to do everything by exact methods, in 
accord with the hiehest efficiency ideals. 




Everything 



Done by Exact Methods 



2 B 1- i d g- e ]) o r t P. r a s s C o m i> a n >• 2 




Melting Small Charges of M e t a 



The Company maintains fully equipped chemical, 
physical and metallurgical laboratories. Every lot of 
crude metal is tested before it goes to the melting pot. 
Every alloy is pre-determined by analysis and exhaust- 
ively tested for its purpose. Once determined upon, 
the standard never varies. 

The laboratory is equipped with electrical furnaces 
for melting small charges of metal. By means of 
these little furnaces castings are made as successfully 
as when the large crucibles are used. These sample 
castmgs are annealed in a laboratory muffle, and their 
physical characteristics are then revealed by the testing 
machine, the scleroscope and by photo-micrographs. 




Making Photo-Micrograph 



21 



Bridgeport, Connecticut 



21 




I n 



the Physica 



Laboratory 



Thus in all cases where tubing or other Copper 
Alloy products are to be made for special purposes, 
the ideals are attained in the laboratory and are then 
systematically worked out in the various departments. 

Guarantee 

By the use of pure metals for all alloys, by exact 
methods for controlling every operation of manufac- 
ture and by the final safeguard of systematic inspec- 
tions and tests, an unexcelled standard is maintained 
for "Bridgeport" Seamless Tubing. 

The Company will cheerfully replace any stock 
proving defective. 







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Samples Tested b) Slittin 



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sting 



22 Bridg-eport Brass Company 22 



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Data Required to Insure the 
Prompt Execution of Orders 

We shall always be able to fill your orders promptly 
and satisfactorly if you will tell us exactly what is 
wanted — especially as to the following particulars: 

1. Purpose: As Seamless Tube is used for a 
great variety of purposes and under widely varying con- 
ditions, which can best be met by particular combina- 
tions of mixture and treatment, it is essential that we 
should know exactly for what purpose any lot of tubing 
is to be used, whether for Condensers, Evaporators, 
Plumbing work, Bearings or for other purposes. 

2. Material : Always state the kind of tubing re- 
quired; Brass, Bronze, Copper or Admiralty Mixture. 

3. Diameter: Specify inside or outside diameter. 
When either is important, specify diameter in the 
decimal parts of inch, as ascertained by micrometer 
calipers. 

When ordering tubes which are intended to sleeve 
together theSmaller Tube should be ordered to the out- 
side diameter with instructions "to be sliding fit into 
the sleeve" and the Sleeve or Larger Tube should be 
ordered to inside diameter with instructions" to slide 
over the tube." Samples should be sent if possible. 

4. Gauge : As the greater part of our stock regu- 
larly kept on hand is in Stubb's Gauge, more prompt 
delivery can be made if tubing is so ordered. See 
Pages 26 to 29 for tables showing sizes and weights. 

5. Iron Pipe Sizes : When ordering Iron Pipe 
Sizes, state if ordinary or extra heavy tubing is 
required. (See Pages 37, 38.) 



23 



Bridgeport 



Connecticut 



28 



6. Length: Quicker delivery can always be made 
of regular mill lengths, than of tubes cut to specific 
lengths, because a much larger stock is available. 
Unless otherwise ordered the mill lengths will be sent. 

7. Temper : The following classifications of 
Tempers are sufficient for ordinary purposes: — 

Brass 

Hard : For purposes where the utmost stiffness 
and rigidity are required. 

Half-Hard : For purposes requiring a certain de- 
gree of stiffness with quality to withstand moderate 
distortion or change of shape. This temper is obtain- 
ed by a medium amount of drawing from the soft 
condition. 

Semi- Annealed : For purposes requiring an an- 
nealed tube with a maximum degree of stiffness. This 
temper is obtained by partially annealing a hard tube. 

Soft : For purposes requiring bending, flanging 
or other distortion. 

Copper 

Hard : This is the usual temper for copper tubes. 
It is not suitable for tubes that are to be bent. 

Half -Hard: Sometimes furnished on receipt of 
specific information as to use. 

Annealed or Soft: For uses where much bend- 
ing or distortion is required. 



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1^'" 


i^iiiiiiiiiiMiiii ^m^ 


IP 



Corner of E 



t Room, Showing Various Apparatus 



24 Bridgeport Brass Company 24 



The following are a few 
"Bridgeport'' Products: 

Seamless Brass and Copper Tubing for all pur- 
poses, including Seamless Condenser Tubing in 
Brass and Admirality Mixtures, plain and tinned. 

Automobile Wind Shields and Step Mouldings 
and other odd shapes for special purposes. 

Brass and Copper Rods, Round, Square, 
or Rectangular. 

Rods in *' Bridgeport" Bronze, Manganese 
Bronze, Aluminum Bronze, Phosphor Bronze, 
Silicon Bronze. 

Brass, Copper and German Silver in sheets. 

'Thono-Electric" Trolley and Telephone 
Wire. 

Miscellaneous Manufactured Goods, in Brass, 
Copper, Bronze and German Silver; also Copper 
Rivets and Brass Lamps, Bicycle Lanterns, etc. 

We are particularly fitted, by Experience and 
Equipment, to produce Drawn, Stamped and 
Special Shapes from Brass, Copper, Bronze and 
German Silver in Sheet, Tube, Rod and Wire. 
We make the article from the ingot to the 
finished product. 

Send us Specifications, Blue Print or Sample 
of your w^ork and we will promptly send esti- 
mate of price. 

Bridgeport Brass Company 

Bridgeport, Connecticut, U. S. A. 

New York Office : 253 Broadvs^ay, Cor. Murray St. 



D 



ata and r rices 



Pri 



for Architects 
Engineers 
Superintendents 

and all Users of 

Seamless 
Tubing 

[See Index Pages 4 to 9] 







26 




B r i d g 


e p r t 


Brass C 


m p a n y 




2 


TABLE SHOWING WEIGHT PER FOOT OF 


Stub's or Birmingham Gauge, 


Gauge No. 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


Thickness of 


























each No. in 
decimal parts 


•259 


.238 


.220 


.203 


.180 


.165 


.148 


134 


.120 


.109 


.095 


.083 


1 clinch: 


























III Frac. of inch 


























corresponding 


1 


15 




1 3 


3 


11 


9 




1 








closely to 


T 


6¥ 




64 


16 


64 


64 




8 




3¥ 


6T 


Gauge Nos.: 


























Diameter 


























Tubes, Inches 
1 






































































1 .18 




.170 


.16. 
















....j .27I .256 






; 








.40 




1 ' ^1 --'- 


.28, 


















•4i3| -376 •St 
•492! -4441 -40 







1 


.70 


.66 


.64 


•60 .57, -53 


16" 






1 


.84 


•79 


.76 


•71 


.66j .61 


.571 .513; .46 


i 




1. 09 


1.06 


1-03 1 


•99 


.92 


.88 


.8i 


.76 


.70 


.649 .581J .52 


u 




1.28 


1.23 


1. 19 1 


[.13^1.05 


•99 


.92 


.86 


.79 


.7281 .650' .58 


k 




1.47 


1. 41 


1-35 , 


[.281.18 


I. II 


1.03 


•95 


.87 .807 .718 .64 


j^ 




1.65 


X.58 


1.50 


c.43'1.31 1.23I1.131.05 


.96 .8851 .787 .70 


.^ 




1.84 


1-75 


1.66 


t.57Ji.44^i^35 ^•24i.iS I-04 .964 


•8551 .75 


i^ 




2.03 


1.92 


1.82 


'•72Ji.57,i-47 1-35 1.24 1.13 i^o42 


.924 .81 


1 




2.22 


2.09 


1.98 ' 


c. 87 1.70 1.59 1.45 1.34 1.22 1. 12 


.99 -88 


iH 




2.60 


2.44 


2.30 '. 


s.i6,i.96|i.83 1.67 1.53 1.39 1.28 1 1.13 j I. 00 


ij^ 




2.97 


2.78 




2.452.2212.071.881.731.56 1.44' 1.27 


1. 12 


iH 




3-35 


3- 


2.93 


2.75 2.48 2.30 2.101.92 1.74 1^59 


I 40 


1.24 


i^ 




3-72 


3-47 


3.25 L 


}.o4 2.74 2.54'2.3i|2.ii 1.91 1.75 


1^54 


1.36 


iKs 




4.09 


3.8X 


3-57 !: 


5. 33|3.oo|2, 78,2. 52;2. 312.081 1. 91 


1.68 


1.48 


iK 




4-47 


4-iS ! 3-88 ,: 


$.62 3.26 


3.02 2.742.502.26 2.06 


1.82 


1.60 


1% 




4.84 


4-50 


4.20 : 


J.Q2 


352 


3.26 2.95 2.69 2.43^ 2.22 


1^95 


1.72 


2 




5-21 


4.84 


4.52 \ 


J. 21 


3^78 


3. 50*3. 16 2.89 2.60; 2.38 


2.09 


1.84 


2/8 




5-59 


5.18 


4.84 ^ 


\-5o 


4.04 


3.73 3.38|3-o8 2.78 


2.54 


2.23 


i.9e 


2K 




5-96 


5-53 


5-iS ^ 


j.8o 


4^30 


3.9713.593.272.95 


2.69 


2.36 


2.0S 


2% 




6.34 


5-87 


5-47 . 


)-o9 


4-56;4-2i 3^80^3.47 3-12 


2.85 


2.50 


2.2c 


2j^ 




6.71 


6.21 


5-79 - 


•38 


4.8214.45 4-023.66^3.30 


3.01 


2.64 


2.32 


2^8 




7.08 


6.56 


6.11 ! 


.67 


5.08-4.69 4-23|3-85;3-47 


3.17 


2.77 


2.44 


2^ 




7-46 


6.90 


6.42 . 


•97 


5^344^92 4^44 


4^05 


3.64 


3.32 


2.91 


2.5t 


2^8 


... 


7-83 


7.24 


6.74 ( 


5.26 


5.60 5.16 


4.66 


4.24 


3.81 


3.48 


3^05 


2.6B 


3 




8.20 


7-59 


7.06 ( 


)-55 


5.865.40 


4^87 


4^43 


3.99 


3.64 


3-19 


2.79 


3/8 




8.58 


7-93 


7-38 i 


•85 


6.125.645.08 


4^63 


4.16 


3.79 


3^32 


2.91 


SJ^ 




8-95 


8.27 


7.69 , 


.14 


6.385.885.30 


4.82 


4.33 


3-95 


3.46 


3.03 


3% 




9-33 


8.62 


8.01 7 


•43 


6. 646. II 


5.51 


5.01 


4.51 


4. II 


3.60 


3.15 


3/2 




9.70 


8.96 


8.33 7 


.72 


6.906.35 


5.72 


5.21 


4.68 


4.27 


3.73 


3.27 


3H 




10.07 


9-30 


8.65 8 


.02 


7.16 


6.59 


5.94 


5.40 


4.85 


4.42 


3.87 


3-39 


3% 




10.45 


9-65 


8.96 i 


•31 


7.42 


6.83 


6.15 


5.59 


5.03 


4^58 


4.01 


3.51 


3% 




10.82 


9.99 


9.28 E 


.60 


7.68 


7.07 


6.37 


5-79 


5.20 


4-74 


4.15 


3.63 


To determine m)eiqht per foot of a. tube of a Qi<ven Inside. 


belo<m under corre- 


IJGauge No. 


3 


4 1 5 


6 


7 8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


14 


ill Increase in 
ij lbs. per loot : 


1.5-J87 


1.3077 1.117-1 . 


9514 


.74 80. 628.-. 


.5037 


4145 


.3324 


.2743 


.2084 


.1690 



Bridgeport, Connecticut 27 


BRIDGEPORT" SEAMLESS BRASS TUBES I 


easured in Outside Diameters 


uge No 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


20 

•035 


21 


22 


23 


24 

.022 


25 

.020 


26 

.018 


27 

.016 


■ irknessol 
■li No. in 
ini:.! imrtS 


.072 


.065 


.058 


.049 


.042 


.032 


.028 


.025 


neh 
uling 




tV 




^ 






sV 












.V 


,..,-. 1., to 
.li-r Nos.: 


1 












liaiiieter 
)ei. Inches 




























i- 


— ^.045'. 045 


•043 


040 


.036 


•034 


.031 


.029 


.026 


.024 


.022 


.020' 


tV- 


.096 .092 1.087 


.078 .070 


.062 


•057 


.051 


.047 ;.o42 


-039 


-035 


.032I 


i... 


.148 .139^.129 .114 .101 


.087 


.c8o ' .072 


.065 1.058 


.O53].o48|.o43l|| 


tV.. 


.200 .186 .170 .149 .131 


.112 


.IC4 


.092 


.083 j.074, .067I.061I.055I 


I... 


.252 .233 .212' 184 .161 


•137 


.127 


.112 


.101 .O9o;.o82'.o74|.o66| 


tV... 


.304 .279 .254|.220 .192 .163 


.150 


.132 


.119 1.1061.0961.0871.078; 


t-- 


.356 .326 .296|.255'.222J .188 


•173 


.152 


.137 '.i2i'.iii|.iooj.o89i 


Y- 


.408 .373 -SSSj-agol -2521 .213 


.196 


• 173 


•155 j. 137' -1251. 1X31- loi 


.V- 


.46o'.42o .3801.326 .283. .238 


.219 


•193 


•173 1. 153 -1401 •126^. 112 


ii... 


.511 .467 .42i|.36i .313 .264 


.242 


.213 


.191 


.i69J.i54:.i39].i24]| 


i... 


.563 .514' -463, -396 -343, .289 


.265 


• 233 


.209 


.185 


.169;. 152;. 136, 


it- 


.615 .561 .505, .432, -373, -314 


.288 


•253 


.227 


.201 


-i83.i65!.i48|| 


X- 


.667.608^.547 


.467 .404 .339 


•311 


•274 


.245 


.217 


.197 


.178 


-159 


it- 


.719. 655 ^-589 


•502^434; -365 


•334 


• 294 


.263 


.232 


.211 


.191 


.171 


I ... 


•77 .70 -63 


•54 


.46 


.389 


.358 


•3H 


.281 


.248 


.226 


.204 


.182 


iVi... 


.87' .79 -71 


.61 


•52 


•439 


.404 


•354 


•317 


.280 


-255 


.230 


-205 


jH--- 


.98 


.89' .80 


.68 


•59 


•490 


•450 


-395 


•354 


.312 


.284 


.256 


.2281 


iVs... 


t.o8 


.98 .88 


•75 -65 


.540 


• 496 


•435 


•390 


.343 


-313 


.282 


-251 


zy2--. 


X.X9 


1.08 .96 


.82 .71 


•591 


.542 


.476 


.426 


•375 


.342 .308 .274]| 


jH--. 


1.29 


1. 171. 05 


.89 .77 


.641 


.588 


.516 


.462 


.407 


-371 -334,--.- 


iVa--' 


1.391.26 1. 13 


.96 .83 


.692 


.635 


•556 


.498 


-439 


-399 -360,.... 1 


!%••. 


1.50I1.36 1.22 


1.03 .89 


•742 


.681 


•597 


•534 


.470 


.428 


.386i....| 


2 ... 


1.601.45 I. 30J1. ID .95 


•793 


.727 


•637 


•570 


.502 


•457 


.412 


.... 


2/8... 


I. 71 1.55 1-38, I.I7 i-oi 


•843 


•773 


.678 


.606 


•534 


.486 






2K.-- 


1. 81 


1.64 1.47 1.24 1.07 


.894 


.819 


.7^8 


.642 


.566 


•515 






2n... 


1. 91 


1-73 1-55 i.32|i. 13 


•944 


.866 


-758 


.678 


•597 


•544 






2%... 


2.02 


1. 831. 63 


1. 391. 19 


•995 


.912 


-799 


.714 


.629 


-573 






2H... 


-- 


1.92 1.72 


1. 461. 25 


1.045 


•958 


-839 


.750 !.66i 








2K--. 


2.23 


2.01 1.80 


r.53 


I-3I 


1.096 


1.004 


.880 


.786 


•693 








2%... 


2.33 


2. II 1.89 


1.60 


1-37 


1. 146 


1.050 


.920 


.822 


•724 








3 •• 


2.43 


2.20 


1.97 


1.67 


1-43 


1. 197 


1.096 


.960 


•859 


-756 








3/8. . 


2.54 


2.30 


2.05 


X.74 


1.49 


1.247 


I -143 


1. 001 


• 895 


.788 








sH--- 


2.64 


2-39 


2.14 


1. 81 


1-55 


1.298 


1. 189 


1. 041 


•931 


.820 








3/8... 


2.74 


2.48 


2.22 


1.88 


1.62 


1.348 


1.235 


1.082 


.967 


.851 








3^--. 


2.85 


2.58 


2.30 


1-95 


1.68 


1-399 


1.281 


1. 122 


1.003 


.883 








3/8... 


2.95 


2.67 


2-39 


2.02 


1.74 


1.449 


1-327 


1. 162 


1.039 


•915 








3K... 


3.06 


2.76 


2.47 


2.09 


1.80 


1.50 


1-373 


1.203 


1-075 


.946 








3/8... 


3.16 


2.86 


2.56 


2.16 


1.86 


^•55 


1.42 


1.243 


I. Ill 


.978 








Xameier, ai 


id to 'weights in ahofve list the Hveights gi<uen 


oonding gat 


tge numbers* 


uge No. 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


20 


21 


22 


23 


24 


25 


26 


27 


crease in 
• per foot: 


.1197 


.0975 


.0777 


.0554 


.0407 


.0283 


.0236 


.0181 


.0144 


.0112 


.0092 


.0075 


d 



28 


Br 


i d g- 


e p 


rt B 


rass Comp 


any 




2 




TABLE SHOWING WEIGHT PER FOOT OF 








Stub's or Birmingham Gauge 


Gauge No. 


3 


4 


6 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


Thickness of 

each No. in 

decimal parts 

of inch : 


•259 


.238 


.220 


.203 


.180 


.165 


.14B 


-134 


.120 


.109 


Frac. of inch. 






















corresponding 

closely to 

Gauge Nob.: 


1 


if 




H 


t\ 


ii 


^h 




\ 




Diameter 
Tubes, Inches. 






















4 .... 


II. 19 


10.33 


9.60 


8.90 


7-94 


7-31 


6.58 


5.98 


5-37 


4.89 


4^/^.... 


"•57 


10.68 


9.91 


9.19 


8.20 


7-54 


6.79 


6.17 


5-55 


£ '5 


4Ji.... 


11.94 


11.02 


10.23 


9.48 


8.46 


7-78 


7.01 


6-37 


5-72 


5-21 


4%.... 


12.32 


11.36 


10.55 


9-77 


8.72 


8.02 


7.22 


6.56 


5-89 


5-37 


4Y2.... 


12.69 


11.71 


10.87 


10.07 


8.98 


8.26 


7-43 


6.75 


6.06 


5-52 


4^8..., 


13.06 


12.05 


11. 18 


10.36 


9-24 


8.50 


7-65 


6.94 


6.24 


5.68 


4%.... 


13-44 


12.39 


11.50 


10.65 


9-50 


8-73 


7.86 


7.14 


6.41 


5.84 


4%.... 


13-81 


12.74 


11.82 


10.95 


9.76 


8-97 


8.07 


7-33 


6.58 


6.00 


5 ... 


14.18 


13.08 


12.14 


11.24 


10.02 


9.21 


8.29 


7-53 


6.76 


6.15 


5/8.... 


14.56 


13.42 


12.45 


11-53 


10.28 


9-45 


8.50 


7.72 


6.93 


6.31 


sV^.... 


14-93 


13-77 


12.77 


11.82 


10.53 


9-69 


8.71 


7-91 


7.10 


6.47 


5%.... 


15-31 


14. II 


13.09 


12.12 


10.79 


9-92 


8-93 


8.11 


7.28 


6.62 


5%.... 


15-68 


14-45 


13-41 


12.41 


11.05 


10.16 


9.14 


8.30 


7.45 


6.78 


sH.... 


16.05 


14.80 


13-72 


12.70 


II. 31 


10.40 


9-35 


8.49 


7.62 


6.94 


5%.... 


16.43 


15-14 


14.04 


13.00 


11.57 


10.64 


9-57 


8.69 


7.80 


7.10 


5V&---- 


16.80 


15.48 


14.36 


13 29 


11. 83 


10.88 


9.78 


8.88 


7-97 


7-25 


6 .... 


17.17 


15-83 


14.67 


13-58 


r2.o9 


11.12 


9-99 


9.07 


8.14 


7.41 


6/8.... 


^/•55 


16.17 


14.99 


13.87 


12.35 


"-35 


10.21 


9.27 


8.32 


7-57 


6H.... 


17.92 


16.51 


15-31 


14. x. 


12.61 


11.59 


10.42 


9.46 


8.49 


7-72 


6%.... 


18.30 


16.86 


15-63 


14.46 


12.87 


11.83 


10.64 


9-65 


8.66 


7.88 


6%.... 


18.67 


17.20 


15-94 


14-75 


13-13 


12.07 


10.85 


9-85 


8.84 


8.04 


6%.... 


19.04 


17-54 


16.26 


15-05 


13-39 


12.31 


11.06 


10.04 


9.01 


8.20 


(>%.... 


19.42 


17.89 


16.58 


15-34 


13-65 


12.54 


11.28 


10.23 


9.18 


8-35 


6%.... 


19.79 


18.23 


16.90 


15.63 


13-91 


12.78 


11-49 


10.43 


9-35 


8.51 


7 .... 


20.16 


18.57 


17.21 


15-92 


14.17 


13.02 


11.70 


10.62 


9-53 


8.67 


7/8.... 


20.54 


18.92 


17-53 


16.22 


14-43 


13-26 


11.92 


10.81 


9.70 


8.83 


7J^.... 


20.91 


19.26 


17-85 


16.51 


14.69 


13-50 


12.13 


11.01 


9.87 


8.98 


7%.... 


21.29 


19.60 


18.17 


16.80 


14-95 


13-73 


12.34 


11.20 


10.05 


9-14 


7%.... 


21.66 


19-95 


18.48 


17.10 


15-21 


13-97 


12.56 


11-39 


10.22 


9.30 


7^8.... 


22.03 


20.29 


18.80 


17-39 


15-47 


14.21 


12.77 


11-59 


10.39 


9-45 


7?i-... 


22.41 


20.64 


19.12 


17.68 


15-73 


14.45 


12.98 


11.78 


10.57 


9.61 


7^8. ••• 


22.78 


20.98 


19.44 


17.98 


15-99 


14.69 


13.20 


11.97 


10.74 


9-77 


8 .... 


23^i5 


21.32 


19-75 


18.27 


16.25 


14.93 


13-41 


12.17 


10.91 


9-93 


To determin 


e <Tveight per fc 


)of of a tu 


be of 
belo 


a gi 


ven 1 


nstde 


ider c 


orre- 


1 Gauge No. 


3 


4 


6 


6 


7 8 1 


9 


10 


11 


12 


I Increase in 

II Iba. per foot t 


1.5487 


L3077 


1.1174 


.9514 


.7480 


.6285 1 


.5057 


.4145 


.3324 


2743 































) Bridgeport. Connecticut 29 


BRIDGEPORT" SEAMLESS BRASS TUBES 

easured in Outside Diameters 


Gauge No. 


13 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


20 


21 


22 


23 


24 


Tbickness of 

each No. in 

decimal parts 

of inch : 


•095 


.083 


.072 


.065 


.058 


.049 


.042 


•03s 


.032 


.028 


.025 


.02t 


Frac. of inch, 
:orre8ponding 

closely to 
Gauge No8.: 


i^ 


^ 




tV 




/t 






sV 


















Diamet 
ruhea, In 
4 

4'/8 
4% 
4% 

4y2 

4% 
4% 
4^8 
5 

5'/8 

sV. 

5% 
5% 

sH 

5% 

5% 

6 

6% 

6J^ 

6^8 

6% 

0% 

7 

7% 

7K 

7% 

7y2 

7% 
7% 

7^8 

8 


er 
'hes. 


4.28 
4.42 
4-56 
4.69 
4.83 
4-97 
5." 
5-24 
5-38 
5-52 
5.65 
5-79 
5-93 
6.07 
6.20 
6.34 
6.48 
6.61 
6.75 
6.89 
7-03 
7.16 
7- 30 
7-44 
7-57 
7-71 
7-85 
7-99 
8.12 
8.26 
8.40 
8.53 
8.67 


3-75 
3-87 
3-99 
4.Z1 
4.23 
4-35 
4-47 
4-59 
4.71 

4.83 
4-95 
5.07 
5-19 
5-31 
5-43 
5-55 
5.67 
5-79 
5-91 
6.03 
6.15 
6.27 
6-39 
6.51 
6.63 
6.75 
6.87 
6.99 
7.11 
7-23 
7-35 
7-47 
7.58 


3.26 

3-37 
3-47 
3.58 
3.68 
3.78 
3-89 
3-99 
4.09 
4.20 
4-30 
4.41 
4-51 
4.61 
4.72 
4.82 
4-93 
5-03 
5-13 
5.24 
5-34 
5.45 
5.55 
5-65 
5.76 
5.86 
5.96 
6.07 
6.17 
6.28 
6.38 
6.48 
6.59 


2.95 
3.05 

3.X4 
3.23 
3.33 
3-42 
3-52 
3.61 
3.70 
3-79 
3.89 
3.98 
4.08 
4.17 
4.26 
4.36 
4-45 
4.54 
4.64 
4-73 
4-83 
4.92 
S-oi 
5." 
5.20 
5-29 
5-39 
5.48 
5.58 
5.67 
5.76 
5.86 
5-95 


2.64 
2.72 
2.81 
2.89 
2.97 
3.06 

3-14 
3.22 

3-31 
3.39 
3.48 
3.56 
3.64 
3-73 
3-81 
3-89 
3.98 
4.06 
4.X5 
4-23 
4.31 
4.40 
4.48 
4.56 
4.65 


2.23 
2.30 
2.38 
2.45 
2.52 
2.59 
2.66 

2-73 
2.80 
2.87 
2.94 
3-OI 
3.08 
3-15 
3.22 
3-29 
3-37 
3-44 
3-51 
3-58 
3.65 
3-72 
3-79 
3.86 

3-93 


1.92 
1.98 
2.04 
2.10 
2.16 
2.22 
2.28 

2-34 
2.40 
2.46 
2.52 
2.58 
2.65 

2.7X 

"'r 
2.83 

2.89 


1. 601 
1. 651 
1.702 

1-752 
1.803 

1-853 
1.904 

1-954 
2.005 
2.055 
2.106 
2.156 
2.207 
2.257 
2.308 
2.358 
2.409 


1.466 
1. 512 
1-558 
1.604 
1.650 
1.697 
■1.743 
1.789 
1-835 
1. 881 
1.928 
1.974 
2.02 


1.284 
1-324 
1.364 
1.405 
1-445 
1.486 
1-526 
1-566 
1.607 


1.147 
1. 183 
1. 219 
1.255 
1. 291 


1. 010 































































































































































































































































































... 


















Diameter, add to ^weights in abo-ve list the ^weights gi'oen 
jponding gauge numbers* 


Gauge No. 


13 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


20 


21 


22 


23 


2* 


Increase in 
lbs. per foot : 


2084 


.1590 


.1197 


.0975 


.0777 


.0554 


.0407 


.0283 


.0236 


.0181 


.0144 


;"»J 































30 


Bridgeport Brass Company 3 




TABLE SHOWING WEIGHT PER FOOT OF 






American or B. & S. Gauge,} 


Gauge No. 


2 

3 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


Thickness of 

each No. in 

decimal parts 

of Inch : 


s 
". 


i. 


i 


1 


1 


1 


1 





1 





i 


Frac. of inch. 

corresponding 

closely to 

Gauge Nos.: 


i 


15 
6T 


M 


1^6 


u 


^\ 


.i 


6¥ 


.... 


A 


-iT 




Diameter 
Tubes, Inches 

¥ - 








































































.174 


.167 


.16 


•15 














•38 

•49 


•36 
.46 


•34 
•43 


•25 
•32 

•39 


•23 
•30 
•36 


.22 

.27 
•33 


.20 
•25 
•31 


i 


























i 




. . . . 






.67 


•63 


•59 


•55 


•51 


•47 


•43 


•39 


.36 










1 










80 


•75 

.87 


.70 
.80 


.64 
•74 


_ 




.49 
•56 


•45 
•51 


.41 
.46 




1.09 


1.05 


■99 


•93 


.671.61 


t^ 




1.28 


I. 21 


1. 14 


1.06 


.98 


.90 


•83 


.76 


.69 


•63 


•57 


•51 


i 




1.46 


1.38 


1.29 


1. 19 


I. ID 


1. 01 


.92 


.84 


.76 


.69 


.62 


.56 


t* 




1. 6s 


1-55 


1-43 


1.32 


1.22 


I. II 


1. 01 


.92 


•83 


•75 


.68 


.61 


1 




1.84 


1. 71 


1.58 


1-45 


1-33 


1.22 


I. II 


1. 00 


.91 


.82 


•74 


.67 


if 




2.02 


1.87 


1-73 


1-59 


1.45 


1.32 


1.20 


1.09 .98 


.89 


.80 


.72 


I 




2.21 


2.04 


1.88 


1.72 


1-57 


1.42 


1.29 


1.17.1.06 


•95 


.86 


•77 


I'/S 




2.58 


2.37 


2.17 


1.98 


1.80 


1.63 


1.48 


i^33i^2o 


1.08 


•97 


.87 


I^ 




2-95 


2.70 


2.47 


2.24 


2.03 


X.84 


1.66 


I. SO 


1-35 


1. 21 


1.09 


.98 


1% 




3-32 


3-03 


2.76 


2. so 


2.27 


2.05 


1. 8s 


1.66 


I. SO 


^•34 


I. 21 1.08 


I^ 




3-69 


3-36 


3 -05 


2.77 


2. so 


2.26 


2.03 


1. 83' 1. 64 


1.47 


1.32 


1. 19 


iH 




4.07 


3-69 


3-35 


3-03 


2.74 


2.46 


2.22 


1. 991. 79 


1. 61 


1.44 


1.29 1 


1% 




4.44 


4-03 


3-64 


3-29 


2.97 


2.67 


2.40 


2.i6'i.94 


1.74 


1.56 


^•39 1 


17/8 




4.81 


4.36 


3-94 


3-55 


3.20 


2.88 


2.59 


2.33,2.08 


1.87 


1.67 


I. SO 


2 




5-18 


4.69 


4-23 


3-82 


3-44 


3^09 


2.77 


2.492.23 


2.00 


1.79 


1.60 


2/8 




5-55 


5 -02 


4-53 


4.08 


3-67 


3^30 


2.962.662.38 


2.13 


1. 91 


1. 71 


2K 




5-92 


5-35 


4.8* 


4-34 


3.90 


3^5i 


3. IS 2. 82^2. S3 


2.26 


2.02 


1. 81 


2% 




6.30 


5.68 


5.12 


4.60 


4.14 3.71 


3.332.99,2.67 


2^39 


2.14 


1. 91 


2% 




6.67 


6.01 


5-41 


4.87 


4-37 3-92 3-52 3-15 2.82 


2.52 


2.26 


2.02 


2^8 




7.04 


6.34 


5-71 


5-13 


4.614.133.70.3.322.97 


2.65 


2^37 


2.12 


2% 




7.41 


6.67 6.00 


S.39'4.84'4.34'3.89'3.48'3.11 


2.78 


2.49 


2.22 


2^8 




7.78 


7.00 


6.30 |5-65|5-o7|4-55 4-o7,3-65|3-26 


2.91 


2.61 


2.33 


3 




8.16 


7-34 


6.59 


5-92j5-3i 4.75|4-26 


3.81 3.41 


3-05 


2.72 


2.43 


3/8 




8.53 


7.67 


6.89 


6.18 5.54 4-96,4-44 


3^98 


3-55 


3^i8 


2.84 


2.54 


35< 




8.90 


8.00 


7.18 


6.445-77 


5^17 


4^63 


4.14 


3^70 


3^31 


2.96 


2.64 


35i 




9.27 


8.33 


7.48 


6.706.01 


5^38 


4.81 


4-31 


3^8s 


3-44 


3^07 


2.74 


S'A 




9.64 


8.66 


7-77 


6.97,6.24 


5-59 


5^oo 


4^47 


4.00 


3.57 


3^19 


2.85 


3^8 




10.01 


8.99 


8.07 


7.236.48 


5^79 


S^i8 


4.64 


4.14 


3^70 


3-31 


2^95 


3% 




10.39 


9-32 


8.36 


7.496.71 


6.00 


5-37 


4.80 


4.29 


3-83 


3-42 


3.06 


3^8 




10.76 


9-65 


8.6s 


7-75 6.94 


6.21 


5^55 


4^97 


4.44 


3-96 


3^54 


3^i6 


To det 


ermin 


e Tveiqht per foot of a. tube of a qmen Inside 
beto<w under corre- 


Gauge No. 


2 


3 4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


lbs. per foot : 


1.532 


1.213 


.9637 


.7642 


.6061 


.4806 


.3S11 


.3023 


.2397 


.1901 


.1507 


.1195 































1 B r i d g- e p o r t , Connect 


i c u t 31 


BRIDGEPORT" SEAMLESS BRASS TUBES {|{ 


leasured in Outside Diameters 






1 


auge No. 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


20 


21 


22 




23 




24 

i 




25 




26 

1 



hi(-knesB0f 
uh No. in 
niiial parts 


i 


i 


i 


i 


1 

3 




i 





,.' .if inch, 




























1^ -i.nnding 
. ^.ly to 


tV 












1 












1 

ST 






32 












ihes. Indies. 




























i.... 




.045 


•043 


.041 


.039 


.037 


034 


032 


028 


.027 


.024 


.022 


.020 


tV... 


.090 


.086 


.08 


.07 


.068 


.062 


057 


053 


047 


.043 


•038 


.035 


.032 


i.... 


.14 


.13 


.12 


.11 


.097 


.088 


080 


073 


065 


.059 


•053 


.048'. 043 1| 


Y-- 


.18 


•17 


.15 


.14 


.13 


.114 


104 


094 


084 


.076 


.067 


.061 .054 1| 


|.... 


.23 


.21 


.19 


.17 


.15 


.14 


126 


114 


102 


.092 


.082 


.074 


.066 


T6---- 


.28 


.25 


.23 


.20 


.18 


.17 


15 


135 


121 


.108 .096 


.087 


.077 


.32 


.29 


.26 


.24 


.21 


.19 


17 


155 


139 


.124 


.III 


.IOC 


.089 


.37 


.33 


•30 


.27 


.24 


.22 


20 


176 


356 


.141 


.125 


.113 


• ^H 


.42 


.37 


.34 


•30 


.27 


.24 


22 


196 


174 


.157 


.140 


.I26|.II2|| 


.46 


.42 


.37 


■33 


.30 


.27 


24 


22 


193 


.173 


.154 


.139 


•123 


A-- 


.51 


.46 


.41 


.37 


.33 


.30 


26 


24 


211 


.189 


.169 


.152 


.135 


if... 


.55 


.50 


.45 


.40 


.36 


• 32 


29 


26 


230 


.206 


•183 


.164 


.146 


i.... 


.60 


.54 


.48 


.43 


.39 


.35 


31 


28 


248 


.222 


.198 


.177 


.158 


it.... 


.64 


.58 


.52 


•47 


.42 


.37 


33 


30 


267 


.238 


.212 


.190 


.169, 


I — 


.69 


.62 


.56 


•50 


.45 


.40 


36 


32 


285 


.254 


.227 


.203|.i8i]| 


i/s.... 


.79 


.70 


.63 


.57 


.50 


.45 


40 


36 


321 


.297 


•256 


.229.... 


Ij^.... 


.88 


•79 


.70 


.63 


.56 


.50 


45 


40 


358 


.320 


.285 


.255... J 


1%.... 


.97 


.87 


.78 


.69 


.62 


.55 


50 


44 


395 


.352 


•314 


.28x|... 1 


i^.... i.o5 


.95 


•85 


.76 


.68 


.61 


54 


48 


43 


•384 


•343 


.317 


1 


1^8.... 


1. 16 


1.03 


.92 


.82 


.74 


.66 


59 


52 


47 


.417 


.372 






iK.... 


1.25 


1. 12 


1. 00 


.89 


.79 


.71 


63 


56 


50 


•450 


.401 






1^8..-. 


1-34 


1.20 


1.07 


.95 


.85 


.76 


68 


61 


54 


.482 


•430 






2 


1-43 


1.28 


1. 14 


1.02 


.91 


.81 


73 


65 


58 


•514 


.459 






2l/8.... 


1.53 


1.36 


1.22 


1.09 


.97 


.86 


77 


69 


61 


.558 








2^4^.... 


1.62 


1.44 


1.29 


1. 16 


1.03 


.92 


82 


73 


65 


.580 






.... 


23/8.... 


1. 71 


1-53 


1.36 


1.22 


1.08 


•97 


86 


77 


69 


.612 






.... 


2^.... 


1.80 


1. 61 


1.44 


1.28 


X..4 


1.02 


91 


81 


73 


.644 








2fg.... 


1.90 


1.69 


1.51 


1-35 


1.20 


1.07 


96 


85 


76 










2^...- 


1.99 


1.77 


1.58 


1. 41 


r.26 


1. 12 : 


.00 


89 


80 










2^8..-. 


2.08 


1.86 


1.66 


1.48 


1.32 


1. 17 ] 


.05 


93 


83 










3 .... 


2.17 


1.94 


1.73 


1-54 


1.38 


1.23 I 


.oq 


97 


87 


.... 








3'/8. .. 


2.27 


2.02 


1.80 


1.62 


1.43 


1.28 1 


.14 1 


.02 


qi 










sJ^-... 


2.36 


2.10 


1.88 


1.68 


1.49 


1.33 ' 


.19 1 


.06 


94 










3%.... 


2.45 


2.19 


1.95 


1.74 


^.55 


1.38 1 


•23 3 


.10 


98 










s'A---- 


2.54 


2.27 


2.02 


1.80 


1. 61 


1.43 1 


.28 1 


.14 1 


.02 










3^8.... 


2.64 


2.35 


2.10 


X.87 


1.67 


1.49 ] 


.33 3 


.18 ] 


•05 










3^.... 


2-73 


2-43 


2.17 


1-93 


1.72 


1.54 1 


.37 3 


.22 1 


.09 










3%.... 


2.82 


2.52 


2.24 


2.00 


r.78 


1.59 J 


.42 1 


.26 ] 


.13 










Diameter, add to 'weights in abcyi 


e list 


the < 


weights gi^ven 


sponding gauge numbers. 






III 


Jau^e No. 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 1 


20 1 


21 1 


22 


23 


24 


25 


26 


ncrease in 


.09-18 


.0752 


. 0.196 


.o-n.s 


.037.5 


.0297 ! 


0236 


0187 


0148 


.0117 


.0093 


.0074 


. 0059I 



32 



Bridg-eport Brass Company 



TABLE SHOWING WEIGHT PER FOOT OF 

American or B & S. Gauge, 



Gauge No. 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


Thickness of 

each No. in 

decimal parts 

of inch : 


^1 


i 


1 


2 


i. 


1 


i 


? 


S 



1 


Frac. of inch, 

corresponding 

closely to 

GaugeNo.: 


i . 


H 


if 


A 


H 


/t 


i 


-h 




A 


Diameter 
rubes, Inches. 






















4 .... 


II. 13 


9.98 


8.95 


8.02 


7.18 


6.42 


5-74 


S-13 


4.58 


4.09 


4'/8.... 


11.50 


10.31 


9.24 


8.28 


7.41 


6.63 


5-93 


5-30 


4-73 


4.22 


41^.... 


11.87 


10.65 


9-54 


8.54 


7.64 


6.84 


6. II 


5.46 


4.88 


4.35 


4^8.... 


12.24 


10.98 


9-83 


8.80 


7.88 


7.04 


6.30 


5-63 


5-02 


4-49 


4J4.... 


12.62 


11.31 


10.13 


9.07 


8.11 


7.25 


6.48 


5-79 


5.17 


4.62 


4^8- ••• 


12.99 


11.64 


10.42 


9-33 


8.. 35 


7.46 


6.67 


5.96 


5.32 


4-75 


4%.... 


13.36 


11.97 


10.72 


9-59 


8.58 


7.67 


6.85 


6.12 


5.47 


4.88 


4%.... 


13.73 


12.30 


II. 01 


9.85 


8.81 


7.88 


7.04 


6.29 


5.61 


5.01 


5 .... 


14.10 


12.63 


II. 31 


10.12 


9-oS 


8.08 


7.22 


6-45 


5.76 


5-14 


5'/8.... 


14.47 


12.96 


11.60 


10.38 


9.28 


8.29 


7.41 


6.62 


5.91 


5.27 


5K---- 


14.85 


13.29 


11.90 


10.64 


9-51 


8.50 


7-59 


6.78 


6.05 


5.40 


5%.... 


15.22 


13.62 


12.19 


10.90 


9-75 


8.71 


7.78 


6-95 


6.20 


5.53 


554.... 


15.59 


13.96 


X3.49 


II. 17 


9.98 


8.92 


7-97 


7-11 


6.35 


5.66 


5f^8.... 


15.96 


14.29 


12.78 


11-43 


10.22 


9.12 


8-15 


7-28 


6.49 


5-79 


5^.... 


16.33 


14.62 


13.08 


11.69 


10.45 


9-33 


8-34 


7-44 


6.64 


5 -92 


s%.... 


16.71 


M.95 


13.37 


11.95 


10.68 


9-54 


8.52 


7-61 


6.79 


6.06 


6 .... 


17.08 


15.28 


13.67 


12.22 


10.92 


9-75 


8.71 


7-77 


6.94 


6.19 


6/8...- 


17.45 


15.61 


13.96 


12.48 


II. 15 


9.96 


8.89 


7-94 


7.08 


6.32 


(>%■■■■ 


17.82 


15.94 


14.26 


12.74 


11-38 


10.17 


9.06 


8.10 


7.23 


6.45 


6H.... 


18.19 


16.27 


14.55 


13.00 


11.62 


10.37 


9.26 


8.27 


7-38 


6.58 


6^.... 


18.56 


16.60 


14.84 


13.27 


11.85 


10.58 


9.45 


8.43 


7-52 


6.71 


6^8.. •■ 


18.94 


16.93 


15.14 


13.53 


12.09 


10.79 


9.63 


8.60 


7.67 


6.84 


6^.... 


19.31 


17.27 


15.43 


13.79 


12.32 


11.00 


9.82 


8-77 


7.82 


6-97 


6^8. ••• 


19.68 


17.60 


15.73 


14.05 


12.55 


11.21 


10.00 


8-93 


7.96 


7.10 


7 .... 


20.05 


17.93 


16.02 


14.32 


12.79 


II. 41 


10.19 


9.10 


8.11 


7-23 


7'/8.... 


20.42 


18.26 


16.32 


14.58 


13.02 


11.62 


10.38 


9.26 


8.26 


7-36 


7^.... 


20.79 


18.59 


16.61 


14.84 


13.25 


11.83 


10.56 


9-43 


8.41 


7.50 


7%.... 


21.17 


18.92 


16.91 


15. 10 


13-49 


12.04 


10.75 


9-59 


8.55 


7.63 


7^.... 


21.54 


19.25 


17.20 


15-37 


13.72 


12.25 


10.93 


9.76 


8.70 


7.76 


7>/8.... 


21.91 


19.58 


17.50 


15.63 


13.96 


12.45 


II. 12 


9.92 


8.8s 


7.89 


7>i.... 


22.28 


19.91 


17.79 


15.89 


14.19 


12.66 


11.30 


10.09 


8.99 


8.02 


7/3.... 


22.65 


20.24 


18.09 


16.15 


14.42 


12.87 


11.49 


10.25 


9.14 


8.15 


8 .... 


23.03 


20.58 


18.38 


16.42 


14.66 


13.08 


11.67 


10.42 


9.29 


8.28 



To determine <weight per foot of a. tube of a. gi<ven Inside 

betoTV under corre- 



Gauge No. 2 



Increase in 
III lbs, per foot : l^'Sa | 1.213 .96.17 



Bridg-eport, Connecticut 



33 



''BRIDGEPORT" SEAMLESS BRASS TUBES 

Measured in Outside Diameters 



Gauge No. 



Thickness of 

each No. in 

decimal parts 

of inch : 



Frac. of inch, 
lorresponding 

closely to 
Gauge Nos.: 



12 



Dianietei 
rubes, Inches. 

4 .... 

4/8.... 

4^.... 

4%.. 

4H.... 
4H.... 

4%.. 

5 •■ 
5%.. 
5l{.... 
5%.... 
5M-... 
5^8-. •. 
5>i-... 
5%.--. 

6 .... 
6/8.... 

ey,.... 
en.... 

6^.... 
6^8.... 
6%.... 
6%.... 

7 

7% 

75^-. •• 
7%..-. 
7^.... 
7^8.... 
7^.... 
7%.-.. 



3.66 

3-77 

3-89 

4.01 

4.12 

4.24 

4-36 

4-47 

4-59 

4-7 

4.82 

4-94 

5.06 

"17 

29 

41 

52 

64 

76 

87 

99 



13 



.26 
•37 
•47 
•58 
.68 
3-78 



14 



6.46 
57 
69 
80 

6.Q2 
7.04 

7-15 
7.27 

39 



2.91 
3-OI 
3.10 
.19 
.28 
•38 
•47 
•56 
•65 
■75 



15 



16 



2 . 60 2 . 32 



3 

3-93 
4.02 
4- 
4- 



30 
39 
49 
58 
67 
76 
4.86 
95 
04 

13 
23 
32 
41 
50 
60 
69 
78 
5.87 



2.39 

2.46 

2.54 

2.61 

2.68 

2.76 

2.83 

2.90 

2. 

3- 

3- 

3- 



17 



20 
27 
34 

3-42 
49 
57 
64 
71 
78 
85 
93 
01 

4.08 



2.06 
4 

2.20 

26 

32 

39 

2.46 

2.52 

2.59 

2.66 

2.72 

2.78 

2.85 

2.9 

2.91 

3-04 

3-1 



18 



19 



1.90 
1.96 
2.0 
2.07 
13 
19 
2.25 
2.31 
2.36 
2.42 
2.48 
2-54 
2.60 
2.65 
2.71 
2.77 



1.64 
1.69 
1.74 
1.80 
1.85 
1.90 

1-95 
2.00 
2.05 
2. II 
2.16 
2.21 



A 



21 



22 



1. 16 



23 



^ameter, add to Ipetghts in ab<yue list the 'weights gi<ven 
sponding gauge numbers. 



Gauge No. 



Increase in 
11)8. per foot ; 



12 



13 



14 



15 16 17 



,0752 .0596 .0473 



18 



19 



20 



21 



22 23 



34 



Bridgeport Brass Company 



34 



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35 



Bridgeport, Connecticut 



35 



{PRICES FOR "BRIDGEPORT" SEAMLESS BRASS TUBES-STUB'S WIRE GAUGE STAND ARdI 
Prices given are per Pound and are to be added to the Ruling Base Price 


c 

i 
c 

o 


1 


• : : 


. 




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1 


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• • • 




'.'.','.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 


Sizes between Gauges or D 
Diameter. Thus: Tube with 
.072 thick or No. 15 Gauge. 

Extras for tinning see Page 3 


00 


^ rg CO 


■^ 




--■--■ i : i i : : : : : : 




gs :: 


PQ 


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^ CO ■* C5 


^ pq PJ CO 


Additional Prices for Admiralty, Low Brass, Copper, Bronze and G 
quoted upon request. 

For all Seamless Tubes of any shape other than round, add to the 
price of regular Round Tubes, of corresponding size, per pound 
tional, $0.05. 


: 


^ 


^ & g 





■«• ON C CO 




vO 


5 § g 





•* ON CO r.< 

^ -H pq pq CO 


•;::::: 


-cH" 
10 


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g 


^ 2 ^ S « I ■ : : : : 


:::::: 


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g 


r: 2 ^ S S ;;:::: : 


: : : : : 




S §5 


§ 


g 2 ^ S K5 ;5 : : : : : 


' ' ■ : : : : 


10 


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§ 


g r-» CM ■»»• .-1 CO • . . . 


* ' ' : : : : : 




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: : : : : 


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to. 120 

109 

095 


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Bridgeport Brass Company 



36 



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Bridgeport, Connecticut 



37 





c 


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c 


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c 


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c 













10 






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c 


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38 



Bridgeport Brass Company 



38 



TABLE SHOWING SIZES {in dec. of inch), WEIGHTS, CIRCUMFERENCE AND TRANSVERSE AREAS OF 
SEAMLESS BRASS AND COPPER TUBING, IRON PIPE SIZES 


> I 

W II 

^ i 


^2 


1 

O 

O 


M 'M 05 






= 


^^2;:^S§^^^§g?g| 








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CJOcO'tO'^'OCO^OiOOOO 
(N'-HO(N"*iCC0OX'0O'*C0 








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II 


1 


050<N^:0'^0'*OCOiCiM^ 
COOOOlMCDTjH'r'-it^t^t^OJr-i 








l-lrH(N ■■^»ox— "tr^ 








00 CO CO 
t^OGor^oocooOTi<Tt<t>. 

coiooo^ococ^i03-*t^'-ioeo 






T-H r-( (N CO M iC 00 m re 2 






ssaujioiqx 


OC0I>05t^lMTt<C0'-HOTt<^-H 

C C^l C^l -* 'C 'X c: c^rx C^ "M 












W 

2 II 
§^ 

^ II 


II 

^2 


1-, 

ft 
ft 

o 


CD X C/" 00 

t-OC^OMOcOCOeOOOO 

XOt^— lOi— it^C»:iC0t^!MOiMTt((MX-f< 

oocOTfT,<xo-HTf<^roc<ico'*fo-+cM 

CO 10 t>^ ^" i.'^ rH '-M X C CO '^ -^ <n' CO -H CJ 


!2 
a 
>-< 


L't^TfT.fCOOOOOS^OO'^CO-^OOXOO-t* 
OC^)C005XXt^Tt<C^OX<NOXX'*C 




^^t-s^^a^j^^ssiggg?;^ 




^8 


1 










m 


t^ 05 >— t 

iM'^oo:iMt^'Occxioxcot^i<-rc- 




i-Hi-KNCOT^iOOOONCOOXr^ 




r 


13 


CC'-Hd-*COt^O'NC3XiO'*COCOXOC5 

c --( 1-H c-i CO ■* CD X iM 05 ro t^ — 1 C "-f^ III 


i-it-iC^C^C0COTt<Lt-D 




^1 




i-H(MCOTt<l>OiC;q|CCOO 




OmX-^CDX-^iOOC^^CCTtiiCCOCN^ 
M C^l "O i-O w! lO CO CO Oi C^J CD C CO 1^ 
.-^C^CO'OXCO'^X-f'^CD'OOJOCO-^O 


T-KNIN-^OOlCOiOOSTt^-^LO 

1-H f-H T-H C^ CO "^ 


C 1^ 




CO X oq -t C<1 CD X t^ X ■* CD CD t^ CO (N CD 
Xt^>O:DXC0O5C^Jt^'-O(MC;CDC0C^X 
X " l-t C5 ut! CO !M Tj< X CD 05 IC r-c 05 C<1 r-H 


Or-i,-<T-((MC0^'0CDt>.CTiO(N-<t'0 0;C^ 


4L D 


<NCO-H0501^»OC2^CJCDCDt^Xt^COO 
t^aXMCOCncO-HCDCDCOOCDCOOt^^iO 
(MCD.-iCDC<l^iMai-*005iO.-it^Tf<XCi 

T-t i-< (M C^l CO -* iC 10 t^ C C^J •^' 1.0 t^ d CO 


sssujiDiqx 


c Lo 1.0 1.0 ;c c c ;2 '" X S 2 S 12 S '-'^ 

X § ^ ?i n^ ic .~ X :^' . c S S S X 




Q 


T-iiOTf>0(M(MXQiMOC^OOOC^l'OC^t 


i-('-l.-HN(NC0COTt<TflOCDt^ II 


Q 
6 


.405 
.540 
.675 
.840 
1.050 
1.315 
1 . 660 
1.900 
2.375 
2.875 
3.500 
4.000 
4 . 500 
5.000 
5.563 
6.625 
7.625 


3d\ 

SB SUIT 


saqouj 

JUOJI 
3S 9ZIS 


i-Hr-lrHC^MCOCO-^TjHlOCDt^ 1 



39 


Bridgeport, 


C o n n e 


c t i c u t 


3y 


NET PRICES FOR POLISHING, POLISHING AND 

LACQUERING, POLISHING AND NICKEL PLATING 

AND THREADING SEAMLESS liKASSAND COPPER 

TUBES AND PIPES 




Plumbers' Sizes 
and all other 
Tubes by Out- 
side Diameters 


c 

1 


."1 

O J 

Oh 




c 

-5 


Inches 


Inches 


Cts. perft. 


Cts. perft. 


Cts. per ft. 1 Cts. per end I 




H 


ly^ 


2 


2 


3 


% 


% 


IH 


2 


2 


3 


Va. 


Vz 


IH 


2^ 


H 


3 




% 




2f 

21^ 


2| 

23^^ 


: 




% 


2H 


2% 


2?^ 


3 


% 


1 


zyu 


2H 


2:4 


3 




\y^ 


2H 


2-g 


2;^ 


3 


1 


\H 


3 


31'^ 


3y8 


3 




m 


354 


3% 


3% 


3 


— 


m 


3rs 


3^ 


3y2 


3y2 


Wa, 


1% 


3% 


3H 


3H 


4 


.... 


m 


3H 


4 


4 


A% 


\\i 


\% 


4 


414 


44 


5 




2 


4^ 


4^^ 


43i 


6 


2 


2^ 


43^ 


m 


4^ 


7 


.... 


2^ 


5 


514 


54 


83^ 


2% 


2% 


5y2 


5M 


5-4 


10 




3 


6 


6^ 


64 


12 




3^ 


6H 


6% 


6% 


133^ 


3 


2.y2 


7 


7y2 


7V^a 


15 




m 


7M 


9 


9 


17^ 


2% 


4 


sH 


11 


11 


20 


4 


41^ 


10 


14 


14 


20 


4^2 


5 


12 


18 


18 


25 


5 


53^ 


15 


21 


21 


30 




6 


18 


24 


24 


38 


6 


6^^ 


22 


27 


27 


45 


A special discount of 10 percent. on above prices maybe given on an order 
of 500 fef t or over of a size ordered at one time. 

For 2% inch and 3 inch Tubing, either outside diameter or inside diameter, 
when ordered in thousand feet or more at a time price of on application. 

2K cents per running foot for 2^ inch Tube, and Z%. cents per running 
foot for 3 inch Tube. 



40 Bridgeport Brass Company 41' 

TABLE SHOWING WEIGHT PER FOOT OI 

Stub's or Birmingham Gauge 



Gauge No. 



Thickness of 

each No. in 

decimal parts 

ofincli : 



Frac. of inch. 

orresponriing 

closely to 

Gauge N08. : 



.238 



6 7 



.180 



165 



10 



11 12 



Diameter 
Tubes, Inches 



1.08 
1-25 
1.42 
1-57 
1.74 
1. 91 
2.08 
2.41 
2.74 
3.08 
3-41 
3-75 
4.07 
4.41 
4-75 
5.08 
5-41 
5-74 
6.08 
6.42 
6.74 
7.08 
7.41 
7-75 
8.07 
8.41 
8.75 
9.08 
9.41 
9-74 



1.04 
1. 19 
1-34 

1.50J1 

1. 81 
1.96 
2.27 

2-. '57 
2.89 

3-19 
3-50 
3- 80 
4.12 

42 

72 

04 

34 

65 

95 
6.27 
6.57 
6.88 



7.19 
7-50 
7.80 
8. II 
8.42 
8.73 
9-03 



.42 
•55 
.67 
.80 
.92 
1.04 
1. 17 
1.29 
1.42 
1-54 
1.67 
1.92 
2.17 
2.41 
2.67 
2.92 
3-17 
3-42 
3.67 
3-92 
4.17 
4.42 
4.67 
4.92 
5-17 
5-42 
5-67 
5-92 
6.17 
6.42 
6.67 
6.92 
7.17 
7.42 



•39 

•49 

.60 

.69 

.80 

.90 

1. 00 

1. 10 

1. 21 

1.30 

1. 41 

1. 61 

1.82 

2.02 

2.22 



.19 
.28 
•37 
.46 
.56 
.64 
•73 
.83 
.91 

I.OT 
1.09 
I. 19 
1.28 
1.46 
1.64 
1.83 
2.01 



2.43 2. IB 

2.62 2.37 

2.82 2.5s 

3-03 2.73 

55 3-23 2.92 

77j3^43 3-IO 

99J3-643-28 

3-84!3-46 

4-04|3-64 

4.25 3-82 

4.454-00 

4-65J4-I9 

4-86 4^37 

5.06 

5.26 

5. 47 

24 5-67 



.186 
.269 
•352 
•434 
•517 
.600 
.681 
.764 
•847 
.929 
;.oi2 
:.o94 
:.i8 
:-34 
•51 
.€7 
:.84 

i.OI 

:.i6 

i-33 
1.50 
'..67 
1.82 

i-99 
!.i6 



4^55 
4-74 
4.91 
5-oq 



46:5.87;5-28 
69J6.o8|5.46 



3-33 
3-49 
3-65 
3-82 
3-98 
4^15 
4-32 
4.48 
4.64 
4.81 



To determine <weight per foot of a 



tube of a gi<ven 
belo<zv under 



Gauge No. 



Increase in 
lbs. per foot 



733 .9990 .7RS4 .6199 .5310 .43 



9 10 11 



12 



Bridgep o r 


t , C n n e c 


ti cu t 41 


BRIDGEPORT" SEAMLESS COPPER TUBES || 


easured in Outside Diameters 




i 


uge No. 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


20 


21 


22 


23 


24 


25 


26 


27 


licknessof 




























■imal parts 


.072 


.065 


.058 


.049 


.042 


•035 


.032 


.028 


-025 


.022 


.020 


.018 


.016 


of inch : 




























ic. of inch, 

1 esponding 

losely to 

iiige Nos. : 




tV 




^\ 






bV 












^V 
















>iimn-ter 




























1.08, Inches. 


























1 


!•••• 




.048 


.047 


-045 


.042 


-038 


.036 


-033 


.030^.027 .025 


.023 


.021 1 


^> 




.101 


.097 


.091 


.082 


•073 


•065 


.060 




054 


.049 .044 .0411.037 


•C34I 


i 




.155-146 


-135 


.120 


.106 


.091 


.084 




076 


.068 .061 .056. 050 


■045! 


^\ 




.210 .IQ5 .178 


.156 


.138 


.118 


.109 




097 


.087 


.078 .070 


.064 


.058 






.265 .245-223 


-193 


.169 


.144 


•133 




118 


.106 


.094 .086 


.078 


.069 


tV 




.319 .293 


.267 


-231 


.202 


.171 


•157 




139 


.125 


.HI .101 


.091 


.082 


^ 




-374 -342 


-3" 


.268 


• 233 


.197 


.182 




160 


.144 


.127 


.X17 


.105 


•093 


fV 




.428 .392 


•355 


.304 


-265 


.224 


.206 




182 


• 163 


.144 


•131 


.119 


.106 


t 




-483-441 


-399 


•342 


-297 


.250 


.230 




203 


.182 


.161 


.147 


.132 


.iisl 


H 




•537 -490 


•442 


•379 


•329 


.277 


-254 




224 


.201 


.177 


.162 


.146 


.130 


1 




.591 .540 


.486 


.416 


.360 


-303 


.278 




245 


.219 


. 194! • 177 


.160 


• 143 


1* 




.646 .589 


•530 


•454 


-392 


-330 


• 302 




266 


.238 


.2111. 192;. 173 


.155 


^ 




.700.638 


•574 


.490 


-424 


-356 


•327 




288 


.2571.228 .207 .187 


.167 


It 




.755 -688 


.6i8 


•527 


• 456 


.383 


.351 




309 


.276j.2441.222 .201 


.z8o 


I 




.81 


•73 


.66 


•57 


.48 


.408 


•376 




330 


.295,. 260''. 237,. 214 


.191 


iKs 




.91 


•83 


•75 


.64 


•55 


.461 


.424 




372 


•333; •294- 268'. 241 


.215 


iJ< 




1.03 .93 


•84 


•71 


.62 


• 514 


.472 




415 


-3721 -328;. 298J. 269 


•239 


1% 




1.13 1.03 


.92 


•79 


.68 


.567 


.521 




457 


.409 .360 .329 .296 


.264 


iJ^ 




1.251.131-01 


.86 


•75 


.621 


.569 




500 


-447j-394|-359 -323 


.288 


ifi 




i.35ji-23^i-io .93 


.81 


.673 


.617 




542 


-4851-427 -390!. 351 


.... 


1% 




1.46 1.32 1. 19 1. 01 


•87 


-727 


.667 




584 


.523J.461 .419 -378 




x% 




1.57 i-43,i-28 1.08 


■93 


• 779 


•715 




627 


•56i|-493,-449 -405 




2 




i.68'i.52|i.36i.i5 


1. 00 


-833 


-763 




669 


•5981 -5271 -480|. 433 


.... 


sH 




1.80 1.63 1.45 1.23 


1.06 


.885 


.812 




712 


.6361.561 .51O1 


.... 


aJi 




1.90 1.72 1.54 1.30 


1. 12 


•939 


.860 




754 


-674 -594i-54ii---- 


.... 


2% 




2.oi|i.82li.63i.39 


1. 19 


.991 


.909 




796 


.712 .627 


.571 .... 


.... 


2% 




2.12 1.92 1.711.46 


1.25 


1.045 


.958 




839 


.750 .660 


.602L.. 


.... 


2^8 




2.23'2.02 I.81 1.53 


I •31 


1.097 


1.006 




881 


.787 .694 






.... 


2K 




2.34'2.ii 1.89 I. 61 


1.38 


1. 151 


1.054 




924 


-825J.728 


.... 






2% 




2.45'2.22 1.98 1.68 


1.44 


1.203 


1. 100 




966 


.863'. 760 








3 




2.552.312.07^1.75 


1.50 


1^257 


1. 151 




008 


.902 .794 






.... 


3/8 




2.672.422.I5II.83 


1.56 


1.309 


1.200 




051 


.940 


.827 










35^ 




2.77 


2.512.25 


1.90 


1.63 


1-363 


1.248 




093 


.978 


.861 






.... 


3^/8 




2.88 


2.60 2.33 


1.97 


1.70 


1-415 


1-297 




136 


1-015 


.894 







.... 


3K2 




2-99 


2.71 


2.41 


2.05 


1.76 


1.469 


1-345 




178 


I •OSS 


.927 








3^8 




3.10 


2.80 


2.51 


2.12 


1.83 


1. 521 


1-393 




220 


1. 091 


.961 






.... 


3K 




3.21 


2.90 


2.59 


2.1Q 


1.89 


1-575 


1.442 




263 


1. 129 


•993 






.... 


3^8 




3-32 


3.00 


2.69 


2.27 


1^95 


1.627 


1.491 




305 


1. 167 


1.027 






.... 


Z>fame^e 


% add to Tveights i 
gauge numbers. 


'n aho've list the 


^weights gi'ven 


5pon(/rn^ 


jauge No. 


15 16 


17 


18 


19 


20 


21 


22 


23 


24 


25 


26 


27 


Increase in 
bs. per foot: 


.1257 


.1024 




.0816 


.0582 


.0427 


.0297 


.0248 


.0190 


.0151 


.9118 


.0097 


.0079 


d 



42 



Bridg-eport Brass Company 



TABLE SHOWING WEIGHT PER FOOT OF 

Stub's or Birminghnm Gauge, 



Gauge No. 



Thickneas of 

each No. in 

decimal parts 

of inch : 



Frac. of inch, 

corresponding 

closely to 

Gauge No. : 



Diameter 
Tubes, Inches 



4K- 
4^8. 
4^. 
4^8. 
4K. 
4^8. 

5 . 
5'A. 

sn. 

5H. 
5H. 
SVs- 

6 . 

6/8. 

^K. 

6/8. 

6%. 
Wz. 
6K. 

6^8. 

7 . 

7/8. 

7J^. 

7^8. 

iVz. 

lYz- 
iYa- 

7%. 



11-75 

12.15 

12-54 
12.94 
13.32 

13-71 

14. II 

14.50 

14 

15-29 

15 

16.08 

16.46 

16.85 

17-25 

17.64 

18.03 

18.43 

18.82 

19.21 

19.60 

19.99 

20.39 

20.78 

21.17 

21-57 

21.96 

22.35 

22.74 

23-13 

23-53 

23.92 

24.32 



.238 



10.85 
II. 21 
11-57 
"-93 
12.30 
12.65 
13.01 
13-38 
13-73 
14.09 
14.46 
14.82 
15-17 
15-54 
15.90 
16.25 
16.62 
16.98 

17-33 
17.70 
18.06 
18.42 
18.78 
19.14 
19.50 
19.87 
20.22 
20.58 
20.95 
21.30 
21.67 
22.03 
22.39 



9-34 
9-65 
9-95 
10.26 
10.57 
10.88 



11.50 
11.80 
12. II 
12.41 
12-73 
13-03 
13-33 
13-65 
13-95 
14.26 
14-56 
14.88 
15-18 
15-49 
15-80 
16.11 
16.41 
16.72 
17-03 
17-33 
17-64 
17-95 
18.26 
i3 56 



8-34 
8.61 
8.88 
9.16 
9-43 
9.70 
9-97 
10.25 
10.52 

10.79 
11.06 
11-33 
11.60 
11.88 
12.15 
12.42 
12.69 
12.97 
13-24 
13-51 
13-79 
14.06 
14-33 
14.60 
14.88 
15-15 
15-42 
15-70 
15-97 
16.24 
16.52 
16.79 
17.06 



7.68 
7.92 
8.17 
8.42 
8.67 
8.92 
9.17 
9-42 
9-67 
9-9 
10.17 
10.42 
10.67 
10.92 
II. 17 
11.42 
11.68 
11.92 
12.17 
12.42 
12.67 
12.92 
13-17 
13-42 
13.67 
13.92 

14-17 
14.42 
14-67 
14.92 

15-17 
15-42 

15-6S 



6.9 
7-13 
7-36 
7-58 



8.03 

8.25 

8.47 

8.70 

8.92 

9-15 

9-38 

9.60 

Q.82 

10.05 

10.27 

10.49 

10.72 

10.94 

11.17 

11-39 

11.61 

11.84 

12.06 

12.28 

12.52 

12.74 

12.96 

13-19 

13-41 

13-63 

13-86 

14.08 



10 



6.28 
6.48 
6.69 
6.89 
7.09 



8.52 

8.71 
8.91 

9.12 

9-32 
9-52 
9-73 
9-93 
10.13 

10.34 
10.54 
10.74 
10.95 
II. 15 
11-35 
11-56 
11.76 
11.96 
12.17 
12.37 
12.57 
12.78 



11 



5-64 
5-83 
6.01 
6.18 
6.36 
6.55 
6-73 
6.91 
7.10 
7.28 
7.46 
7-64 
7.82 
8.00 
8.19 
8.37 
8.55 
8-74 
8.91 
9.09 
9.28 
9.46 
9.64 
9. 82 

lO.OI 

10.18 
10.36 
10.55 
10.73 
10.91 



:.46 



12 



5-13 
5-30 
5-47 
5-64 
5.80 
5-96 
6.13 
6.30 
6.46 
6.63 
6.79 
6.95 
7.12 
7.29 
7-45 
7.62 
7-78 

7-95 
8. II 
8.27 
8.44 
8.61 
8.77 
8.93 
9.10 
9.27 

9-43 
9.60 
9.76 
9.92 
10.09 
10.26 
10.43 



To determine <weight per foot of a. tube of a. ghten Inside 

beto<w under corre- 



Gauge No. 

Increase in 
lis. per foot : 



9 

.5310 



10 I 11 



.4352 .3490 



12 

































3 Bridgeport, Connecticut 43 


BRIDGEPORT" SEAMLESS COPPER TUBES 

leasured in Outside Diameters 




Gauge No. 


13 


14 


15 


16 


17 


la. 


19 


20 


21 


22 


23 


24 




Thickness of 

each No. in 

decimal parts 

of inch : 


•095 


.083 


.072 


.065 


.058 


.049 


.042 


.035 


.032 


.028 


.025 


.022 




Frac. of inch. 

corresponding 

closely to 

Gauge Nos. : 


i^ 


6^T 


.... 


tV 


.... 


iT 






3V 






















Diameter 
Tubes, Inches. 

4 .... 
4/8.... 

4/8.... 
4^-... 
4/8.... 
4^.... 
4/8.... 

5 .... 
5/8... 
55^.... 
5/8.... 

5V2---. 

5/8.... 
5%.... 
5/8.. •• 

6 .... 

6/8.... 

6/.... 

6%.... 
6H.... 

6^.... 
6%.... 

7 .... 
7/8.... 
7K.... 
7/8.... 
7J^.... 
7^8.... 
7^.... 
7/8. ... 

8 .... 


4.49 
4.64 

4-79 
4.92 

5.07 
5.22 

5.37 
5.50 
5-65 
5.80 
5-93 
6.08 
6.23 
6.37 
6.51 
6.66 
6.80 
6.94 
7.09 
7.23 
7.38 
7.52 
7.66 
7.81 
7-95 
8.09 
8.24 
8.39 
8.53 
8.67 
8.82 
8.96 
9.10 


3-94 
4.06 
4.19 
4.32 
4.44 

4-57 
4.69 
4.82 
4-95 
5.07 
5.20 

5.32 
5-45 
5.58 
5.70 
5.83 
5-95 
6.08 
6.20 
6.33 
6.46 
6.58 
6.71 
6.83 
6.96 
7.09 
7.21 
7-34 
7.46 
7-59 
7.72 
7.84 
7.96 


3.42 

3-54 
3.64 
3.76 
3.86 

3-97 
4.08 

4.19 
4.29 

4.41 
4.52 
4.63 
4.74 
4.84 
4.96 
S.07 
5.18 
5.28 
5.39 
5.50 
5.61 
5.72 
5-^3 
5-94 
6.05 
6.15 
6.26 
6.37 
6.48 

6.59 
6.70 
6.81 
6.92 


6 
6 

6 


10 
20 
30 

39 
50 
59 
70 

79 
88 
98 
08 
18 
28 
38 
47 
58 
67 
77 
87 
97 
07 

17 

26 

37 
46 
55 
66 
75 
86 
95 
05 
15 


2.77 
2.86 
2.95 
3.03 
3.12 
3.21 

3-3° 
3-38 
3.48 
3.56 
3.65 
3-74 
3.82 
3-92 
4.00 
4.08 
4..8 
4.26 
4.36 
4.44 

4.53 
4.62 
4.70 

4-79 
4.88 


2.34 
2.41 

2.50 
2.57 
2.65 
2.72 
2.79 
2.87 
2.94 
3.01 
3.09 
3.16 

3-23 
3.31 
3.38 
3.46 
3-54 
3.61 
3.68 
3.76 
3.83 
3.91 
3.98 
4.05 
4-13 


2.02 
2.08 
2.14 
2.20 
2.27 
2.33 
2.39 
2.46 
2.52 
2.58 
2.6s 
2.71 
2.78 
2.85 
2.91 
2.97 
3-03 


1. 681 

1-733 
1.787 
1.840 
1.893 
1.946 
1.999 
2.052 
2.105 
2.158 
2. 211 
2.264 

2.317 
2.370 
2.423 
2.476 
2.529 


1-539 
1.588 
1.636 
1.684 
1.732 
1.782 
1.830 
1.878 
1.927 
1-975 
2.024 
2.073 
2.12 


1.348 
1.390 
1.432 
1.475 
1. 517 
1.560 
1.602 
1.644 
1.687 


1.204 
1.242 
1.280 
1. 318 
1-356 


1.060 






















































































































































































































































































































































^Diameter, add to %>eights in ahcyve list the ^cveights gi'ven 
sponding gauge numbers. 




1 Gauge No. 


13 14 15 16 


17 18 19 


20 


21 


22 


23 24 




Increase in 
lbs. per foot : 


.2188 1669 .1257 .1024 


.0816 .0582]. 0427 


.0297 


.0248 


.0190 


,0151 .0118 



































44 


B 


r 1 


dge 


P 


r 


t Brass 


Com 


pan y 




44 


TABLE SHOWING WEIGHT PER FOOT OF 




American or B. 


& S. Gauge. 


Gauge No. 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


Thickness of 




„ 


^ 




„ 


m 




« 




« 









?2 


s 


" 




g 


V. 


z 


5 




g 







decimal parts 


S 


V. 


1 


CO 


s 






^ 




s 


a 


r- 


of inch : 


























Frac. of inch. 


























corresponding 


^ 


1 5 


1 3 


R 


1 1 





1 


7 




3_ 


5 




closely to 


6? 


6T 


10 


c.T 


64 


8 


64 




3^ 


6¥ 




Gauge Nos.: 


























Diameter 


























Tabes, Inches. 


























I * 






























^1^ 






















tR? 


•175 
•24 


.17 


.16 


I 






















"6 






1 ••• 
















.40 
.51 
.62 


.38 

18 


.36 




.28 


.26 


tV 


















.38 


.35 


•33 


?.... 








.. 




.70 


.60 


.58 


.53 


•49 


.45 


.41 


.38 


^% 












81 


•79 
.91 


.73 
.84 


6.7 


6? 


. ^1 


.51 


•47 


.43 


I-... 


1. 


t4 


1. 10 


I 


04 


.98 


.78 


.70 


:e\ 


•59 


•54 


.48 


¥•••• 


1.34 


1.27 


I 


20 


I. II 


1.03 


.94 


87 


.80 


•72 


.66 


.60 


•54 


I.... 


1.53 


1.45 


I 


35 


1.25 


1. 15 


1.06 


•97 


.88 


.80 


.72 


•65 


•59 


if.... 


1.73 


1.63 


I 


50 


1.39 


1.2S 


1. 17 


1.06 


•97 


.87 


•79 


.71 


.64 


1-.. 


1.93 


1.80 


I 


66 


1.52 


1.40 


I. =8 


1. 17 


1.05 


.96 


.86 


•78 


.70 


if.... 


2.12 


1.96 


I 


82 


1.67 


1.52 


1.39 


1.26 


1. 14 


1.03 


•93 


.84 


.76 


I 


2.32 


2.14 


I 


97 


1. 81 


1.65 


1.49 


1.35 


1.23 


I. II 


1.00 


.90 


.81 


iVs.... 


2.71 


2-49 


2 


28 


2.08 


1.89 


1. 71 


i.:5 


1.40 


1.26 


I-I3 


1.02 


.91 


iV,.... 


3.10 


2.83 


2 


59 


2-35 


2.13 


1.93 


1.74 


1-57 


1.42 


1.27 


1. 14 


1.03 


xYs.... 


3-49 


3.18 


2 


90 


2.62'2.38J2.15 


1.94J1.74J1.57 


1. 41 


1.27 


1.13 


zV,.... 


3.87 


3-53 


3 


20 


2.91 2.622.37 


2.13 1.92 1.72 


1.54 


1.39 


1-15 


IK-..- 


4.27 


3-87 


3 


52 


3.182.88 


2.58 


2.33 


2.09 


1.88 


1.69 


1. 51 


1-35 


IK... 


4.66 


4-23 


3 


82 


3-453.12 


2.80 


2.52 


2.27 


2.04 


1.83 


1.64 


1.46 


1^8... 


5.05 


4.58 


4 


14 


3.7313.36 


3.02 


2.82 


2.45 


2.18 


1.96 


1-75 


1^57 


2 ... 


5-44 


4.92 


4 


44 


4-01 


3.61 


3.24 


2.91 


2.61 


2.34 


2.10 


1.88 


1.68 


2^8... 


5.83 


5-27 


4 


76 


4.28 


3.85 


3.46 


3." 


2.79 


2.50 


2.24 


2.01 


1.80 


2^... 


6.22 


5.62 


5 


06 4.56 


4.09 


3-69 


3.31 


2.96 


2.66 


2.37 


2.12 


1.90 


23/3... 


6.61 


5.96 


5 


38 4.83 


4-35 


3.90 


3.50 


3.14 


2.80 


2.51 


2.25 


2.01 


25^... 


7.00 


6.31 


5 


68 


5. II 4.59 


4.12 


3.70 


3.32 


2.96 


2.65 


2.37 


2.12 


2^8... 


7-39 


6.66 


6 


00 


5.3914.84 


4.34 


3.88 


3-49 


3.12 


2.78 


e.49 


2.23 


2K-.. 


7.78 


7.00 


6 


30 


5.66I5.08 


4.56 


4.08 


3.65 


3.27 


2.92 


2.61 


2.33 


2%... 


8.17 


7-35 


6 


61 


5.93 


5.32 


4.78 


4.27 


3.83 


3.42 


3.06 


2.74 


2.45 


3 ... 


8.57 


7-71 


6 


92 


6.22 


5.58 


4.99 


4.47 


4.00 


3.58 


3.20 


2.86 


2^55 


3^8... 


8.96 


8.0s 


7 


23 


6.49 


5.82 


5.21 


4.66 


4.18 


3.73 


3-34 


2.98 


2.67 


3^... 


9-34 


8.40 


7 


54 


6.76 


6.06 


5.43 


4.86 


4-35 


3-88 


3.48 


3." 


2.77 


3%... 


9-73 


8.75 


7 


85 


7.03 


6.31 


5.65 


5.05 


4.52 


4.04 


3.61 


3.22 


2.88 


sJ^... 


10.12 


9.09 


8 


16 


7.326.55 


5.87 


5.25 


4.69 


4.20 


3.75 


3-35 


2.99 


3H-- 


10.51 


9.44 


8 


47 


7.59'6.8o 


6.08 


5.444.87 


4-35 


3.88 


3.48 


3.10 


sH- 


10.91 


9-79 


8 


78 


7-8617.05 


6.30 


5.64 5.04 


4.50 


4.02 


3-59 


3.21 


3^8... 


11.30 


10.13 


9 


08 


8.1417.29 


6.52 


5.835.22 


4.66 


4.16 


3.72 


3.32 


To c/e 


termine Tvetght per foot of a. tube of a. gfh 

beto^ unc 


en In 


side 


ier CO 


rre- 


Gauge No. 


2 


3 1 4 1 5 


6 7 1 8 


9 


10 


11 


12 


13 


1 Increase in 




1 


















IP Ita. per foot 


1.609 


1.274 1 1.0119 


.mi4 


.6364 .5046 


1-4001 


.3174 |. 2517 


I .1996 


■ 1582 


.1255 































5 Bridgeport, Connecticut 45 


-BRIDGEPORT" SEAMLESS COPPER TUBES f 


Measured in Outside Diameters 






III 


3auge No. 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


20 


21 


23 


23 


24 


25 


26 


Thickness of 

each No. In 

lecimal parts 

of inch : 


i 


i 


1 




i. 


s 
i. 


i 
1 




t- 


1 


1 





3 


^rac. of inch, 










~ 


















Di-responciing 
closely to 


tV 


.... 




eV 






sV 












^V 
















lau?e No3. : 




























Diameter 




























ubes, Inches. 




























t:. 


.... 


.047 


•045 


.043 


.041 


•039 


.036 


•034 


.029 


.028 


•025 


.023 


.02X 


.094 


.090 


.084 


•073 


.071 


.065 


.06 


.056 


.049 


•045 


.040 


•037 


•034 


i.... 


•IS 


•14 


•13 


•115 


.10 


.092 


.084 


.08 


.068 


.062 


.056 


.050 


•04S 


tV... 


.19 


.18 


.16 


•15 


.14 


.12 


.11 


.10 


.088 


.08 


.070 


.064 


•057 


> I.... 


•2t 


.22 


.20 


.18 


.16 


• 15 


• 13 


.12 


.107 


.097 


.086 


.078 


.069 


;' T6---- 


.29 


.26 


•24 


.21 


.19 


.18 


.16 


.14 


.127 


•113 


.101 


.091 


.081 


: |.... 


•34 


.30 


.27 


•25 


.22 


.20 


.18 


.16 


.146 


.130 


.117 


.105 


•093 


\ ^•••■ 


•39 


•35 


■31 


.28 


• 25 


•23 


.21 


.18 


.164 


.148 


•131 


.119 


.105 


.!•••• 


■44 


•39 


.36 


•31 


.28 


.25 


•23 


.20 


.183 


•165 


.147 


.132 


.118 


i|.... 


.48 


•44 


•39 


•35 


•31 


.28 


•25 


•23 


.203 


.182 


.162 


.146 


.129 


1 4:::: 


•54 


.48 


•43 


•39 


• 35 


•31 


.27 


•25 


.226 


.198 


.177 


.160 


.142 


•58 


•52 


•47 


.42 


•38 


•34 


•30 


.27 


.241 


.216 


.192 


.172 


•153 


' I--.- 


•63 


•57 


•50 


•45 


.41 


•37 


•33 


•29 


.26 


•233 


.208 


.186 


.166 


if.... 


•67 


.61 


•55 


•49 


• 44 


• 39 


•35 


•31 


.28 


•25 


.223 


.199 


.177 


I 


.72 


•65 


•59 


•52 


•47 


.42 


.38 


•34 


•30 


.267 


• 238 


.213 


.190 


zVi.... 


•83 


•73 


.66 


.60 


•52 


• 47 


.42 


.38 


•34 


.312 


.269 


.240 


.« •• 


l3/8.... 


.92 


•83 


•73 


.66 


•59 


•52 


•47 


.42 


•37 


•336 


.299 


.268 


.'... 


1.02 


.91 


.82 


.72 


.65 


.58 


•52 


.46 


.41 


•370 


•330 


•295 


.... 


Z%.... 


I. II 


1. 00 


.89 


.80 


•71 


.64 


•57 


•50 


•45 


•403 


.360 


•333 


.... 


I^.... 


1.22 


1.08 


•97 


.86 


.78 


.69 


.62 


•55 


.49 


.438 


• 391 


.... 


.... 


r%.... 


1.31 


1. 18 


1.05 


•93 


• 83 


•75 


.66 


•59 


.52 


.472 


.421 




.... 


1%.... 


1. 41 


1.26 


1. 12 


1. 00 


.89 


.80 


•71 


.64 


•57 


.506 


• 451 




.... 


2 ... 


1.50 


1-34 


1.20 


1.07 


.96 


.85 


•77 


.68 


.61 


•540 


.482 





.... 


2/3.... 


1. 61 


1-43 


1.28 


1. 14 


1.02 


.90 


.81 


.72 


.64 


.586 




.... 




2^.... 


1.70 


I-5I 


I -.35 


1.22 


1.08 


•97 


.86 


•77 


.68 


.609 




.... 




2% .... 


1.80 


1. 61 


1-43 


1.28 


i^i3 


1.02 


.90 


.81 


.72 


.643 




— 





25^.... 


1.89 


1.69 


I-5I 


1-34 


1.20 


1.07 


.96 


•8S 


•77 


.676 






.... 


2^.... 


1.99 


1.77 
T 86 


1-59 

T 66 


1.42 
1.48 
1-55 


T "6 






.89 
•93 
.98 


.80 










2%.... 


1.32 
1-39 


1.18 


1.05 
1. 10 


.84 
.87 










2%.-.. 


2.18 


1-95 


1.74 


1.23 









.... 


3 •••• 


2.28 


2.04 


1.82 


1.62 


1-45 


1.29 


1. 14 


1.02 


.91 


.... 




.... 


.... 


sVs---- 


3.38 
2.48 


T? 


1.89 
1.97 


1.70 
1.76 


1.50 
1.56 


1.34 
1.40 


on 


1.07 
I. II 


.96 
•99 










35^.... 


2.20 


1.25 










.... 


2-57 
2.67 
2.77 
2.87 
2.96 


2.30 
2.38 
2.47 

2-55 
2.65 


2.05 


1.83 
1.89 
1.96 
2.03 
2.10 


1.63 
1.69 
1-75 
1. 81 


1.45 
1.50 
1.56 
1.62 


1.29 

1-34 
1.40 

1.44 
1.49 


I-I5 
1.20 


1.03 
1.07 
1. 10 


.... 


.... 







35^8.... 




1.24 

1.28 










3^.... 


-> n<3, 


1. 14 
Iii9 


1 






3^8.... 


2.35 


1.87 


1.67 


1.33 




.... 


1 


^Umeter, add to <wetghfs in a 


bo'ue 


list i 


he weights g{<uen 


spending gauge numbers* 








Gauge No. 14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


20 


21 


22 


23 


24 


25 


26 1 


Increase In 
lbs. per foot: '0995 


.0790 


.0626 


.0497 


.0394 


.03X2 


.0248 


.0196 


.0155 


.0123 


.0098 


.0078 


J 































46 


Br 


1 d g e p r 


t Brass 


Company 






46 




TABLE SHOWING WEIGHT PER FOOT OF 
















American or B. & S. Gau 


ge, 


Gauge N 


0. 2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 




Thickness 

each No. i 

decimal pa 

II of incli 


n^ i 
rts S 


i 


S- 


2 


1 


1 


i 


1 


s 


i. 




Frac. ofinc 

correspond! 

closely tc 

Gauge No 


h, 


if 


H 


t\ 


ii 


.h 


i 


^ 




^\ 




Diametei 
Tubes, Inch 


as. 






















4 • 


.. 11.69 


10.48 


9.40 


8.42 


7-54 


6.74 


6.03 


5-39 


4.81 


4.29 




4'/8. 


.. 12.07 


10.82 


9.70 


8.69 


7.78 


6.96 


6.23 


5-56 


4-97 


4-43 




4J^. 


.. 12.46 


II. 18 


10.02 


8.97 


8.02 


7.18 


6.42 


5-73 


5.12 


4-57 




4>^8. 


.. 12.85 


11.53 


10.32 


9.24 


8.27 


7-39 


6.61 


5-91 


5-27 


4.71 




4M. 


.. 13-25 


11.88 


10.64 


9-52 


8.52 


7.61 


6.80 


6.08 


5-43 


4-85 




4^8. 


.. 13.64 


12.22 


10.94 


9.80 


8-77 


7-83 


7.00 


6.26 


5.59 


4.99 




454- 


.. 14.03 


12.57 


11.26 


10.07 


g.oi 


8.0s 


7-19 


6.43 


5.74 


5-12 




4^8. 


.. 14.42 


12.91 


11.56 


10.34 


9-25 


8.27 


7-39 


6.60 


5.89 


5.26 




5 . 


.. 14.80 


13.26 


11.88 


10.62 


9-50 


8.48 


7-58 


, 6.77 


6.05 


5.40 




SVs. 


.. 15.19 


13.61 


12.18 


10.89 


9-74 


8.70 


7.78 


~6.95 


6.21 


5.53 




5}{. 


•• 15.59 


13-95 


12.49 


11.17 


9-99 


8.92 


7-97 


7-12 


6-35 


5-67 




sn. 


.. 15.98 


14.30 


12.80 


11.44 


10.24 


9-15 


8.17 


7-30 


6.51 


5-81 




s%. 


.. 16.37 


14.66 


13.11 


11-73 


10.48 


9-37 


8.37 


7.46 


6.67 


5-94 




5Yz. 


.. 16.76 


15.00 


13-42 


12.00 


10.73 


9-58 


8.56 


7.64 


6.81 


6.08 




SK- 


.. 17.15 


15-35 


13.73 


12.27 


10.97 


9.80 


8.76 


7.81 


6.97 


6.22 




5/8. 


•• 17-55 


15-70 


14.04 


12.55 


II. 21 


10.02 


8.95 


7-99 


7-13 


6.36 




6 . 


.. 17-93 


16.04 


14.35 


•12.83 


11.47 


10.24 


9-15 


8.16 


7.29 


6.50 




6'/8. 


.. 18.32 


16.39 


14.66 


13.10 


11.71 


10.46 


9-33 


8.34 


7-43 


6.64 




654:- 


., 18.71 


16.74 


14.97 


13-38 


11-95 


10.68 


9-53 


8.50 


7-59 


6.77 




6^8. 


.. iq.io 


17.01 


15.28 


13-65 


12.20 


10.89 


9-72 


8.68 


7.75 


6.91 




6^. 


.. 19.49 


17-43 


15-58 


13-93 


12.44 


11.11 


9-92 


8.85 


7.90 


7-05 




6^8- 


.. 19.89 


17.78 


15-90 


14.21 


12.69 


11-33 


10.11 


9-03 


8.05 


7.18 




6^. 


.. 20.28 


18.13 


16.20 


14.48 


12.94 


11.55 


10.31 


9.21 


8.21 


7.32 




6/8. 


.. 20.66 


18.48 


16.52 


14-75 


13.18 


11.76 


10.50 


9-38 


8.36 


7-45 




7 . 


.. 21.05 


18.83 


16.82 


15.04 


13-43 


11.98 


10.70 


9-55 


8.52 


7-59 




lYz. 


.. 21.44 


19.17 


17.14 


15.31 


13-67 


12.20 


10.90 


9.72 


8.67 


7-73 




iV,. 


.. 21.83 


19.52 


17.44 


15.58 


13-91 


12.42 


11.09 


9-90 


8.83 


7.87 




lYi. 


.. 22.23 


19.87 


17.76 


15.86 


14.16 


12.64 


11.29 


10.07 


8.98 


8.01 




7Y2. 


.. 22.62 


20.21 


18.06 


16.14 


14.41 


12.86 


11. 48 


10.25 


9-13 


8.15 




7%. 


.. 23.01 


20.56 


18-37 


16.41 


14.66 


13-07 


11.68 


10.42 


9.29 


8.28 




7^. 


... 23.39 


20.91 


18.68 


16.68 


14.90 


13-29 


11.86 


10.59 


9.44 


8.42 




7/8. 


.. 23.78 


21.25 


18.99 


16.96 


15-14 


13-51 


12.06 


10.76 


9.60 


8.56 




8 . 


.. 24.18 


21.61 


19.30 


17.24 


15-39 


13-73 


12.25 


10.94 


9-75 


8.69 




Toe 


ktcrmin 


e <we 


ight p 


er fo 


ot of 


a, M 


be of 

beto^ 


a gfben Insidt 
w under cotre- 


a 


\ Gauge N 


2 


3 


4 


5 


6 


7 


8 


9 


10 


11 




Increase 
lbs. per fo 


u 

,t : 1.609 


1.274 


1.0119 


.8024 


.6364 


.5046 


.4001 


.3174 


.2517 


.1996 





7 


Bri 


dg 


e p 


r t 


' 


Co 


n n e 


c 1 1 c u t 




47 


BRIDGEPORT" SEAMLESS COPPER TUBES 
easured in Outside Diameters 


Gauge No. 


12 


13 


14 


15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


20 


21 


22 


23 


Thickness of 

each No. In 

decimal parts 

of inch : 


i 




i 


1 


i 


1 



i 


i 


■ 1 


1 


I- 
1 


i 




Prac. of inch, 

corresponding 

closelv to 

Gauge No. : 


/t 




tV 






^V 






A 






















Diameter 
Tubes, Inches 

4 .... 
4/8.... 
4%.... 
4%.... 
4J^.... 

4%'-- 
4%..-. 

5 

5^8.... 
5^.... 
5^8.... 

5%.... 

6 .... 

6/8.... 

6%.... 

6^.... 
6^8.... 

7 .... 

7/8.... 
7J^.... 
7%.... 
7^.... 

7^8.... 
7K-... 
7^8.... 

8 .... 


3.84 
3.96 
4.08 
4.21 

4-33 
4-45 
4.58 
4.69 
4.82 
4-95 
5.06 
5.19 
5.31 
5.43 
3-55 
3.68 
5.80 
5.92 
5.05 
5.16 
5.29 
6.42 
5.53 
6.66 
6.78 
6.90 
7.02 
7.14 
7.27 
7-39 
7-51 
7.63 
7.76 


3-42 
3.54 
3-64 
3-76 
3-86 
3-97 
4.08 
4.19 
4.29 
4.41 

'X 

4-74 
4.84 
4.96 
5.06 
5.:8 
5.28 
5-39 
5-5° 
5.61 

'"V 
5.83 

5-93 
6.05 
6.15 
6.26 
6.37 
6.48 
6.59 
6.70 
6.80 
6.92 


3.06 
3.16 
3.25 

3-35 


2-73 
2.81 
2.90 
2.98 

•7 oR 


2-44 

2-51 

2.58 
2.67 


2.16 
2.25 
2.31 

2-37 


1.93 
1.99 
2.06 
2. II 
2.17 
2.24 
2.30 
2.36 
2-43 
2.48 
2-54 
2.60 
? 67 


1.72 
1.77 
1.83 
1.89 
1.94 
1.99 
2.05 
2.10 
2.15 
2.22 
2.27 
2.32 
2-37 


1-53 
1-59 
1-63 
1.68 
1.72 
1-77 
1-83 
1.88 
1.92 


1.36 
1. 41 
1.46 
1.50 
1.54 


1.22 
















q.Ssh-i6'2.8i!2..;i 






3.643-24 

3-743-33 
3.833-42 
3-94 3-51 
4-03 3-59 

4-133-67 
4-22 3-77 
4-333-85 
4.42 -i.nA 


2. no! 2.^8 








2-97 
3-04 
3.13 
3-20 
3-28 
3-36 
3.43 
3-51 
3-59 
3-66 
3-75 
3-82 
3.90 


2.65 
2.72 
2-79 
2.86 
2.92 
2.99 
3-o6 
3..3 
3-19 
3.27 




1 




1 











1 






1 








2-73 
2.78 
2.85 
2.91 














t 


4-51 
4.61 
4.71 
4.81 
4.90 
5.00 
5.10 

5-20 


4.02 
4.12 
4.20 
4.28 
4-37 
4-46 










i 




















i 












' 














4 4-.., 














4-63 


4-13 
4.21 

4.2S 












! 












1 


5.39 -1.80 












1 


5-49 

5-59 
5.68 

5-77 
5-88 
5-97 
6.07 
6.16 














1 




































































































:::::: ::::::i 




































1 




^amefer, add to weights in ahove list the <weiqhts qi'ven 
sponding gauge numbers* 


Gauge No. 


12 


13 


14 15 


16 


17 


18 


19 


20 


21 


22 


23 1 


Increase in 
lbs. per foot : 


1582 


1255 


0S95 .0790 


0626 


049- 


039-1 


,0312 


.02« 


.0196 


.0155 


.0123 i 



48 



Bridgeport Brass Company 



48 






C l* r- rt O 



ra:-i 



b£ 



hC/5 



-^ CO 0/ P-H 


















^^ 



.S-o 



s|:s|SH2-12Sls^s|s;5lSH2«|2H"-l2H2 :::::: : 

■^ ^ T-i CN cs (n re* 



CM -* -* 00 00 

■^CN~D-^Cv|'^>Ot^O-t<OlOOlO 

■^OvOOOOOOOOr-^vOt^l^OOOO 



0\ o -^ < 

"-I CN CN ! 



lO i'^ lO lO lO lO so o o t-^ t-* c 



I tN O 00 > 
i CNO O ■ 



Os o o o o — < ■* > 



ov-*Tj<i^>-^ovo,osovooooooooooo 
<NTt>Tf<Loiovovovo»ooooooooocoo 



•"tmoo-H^'^oooO'-HON^oo-^'^ovoo^t^'o 

mrOvOO-^'^OOCSO'-i-^m'^roO'^'^rOCN^ 



r^r-l\0>0>0<-OvOvOOvO'->00'<*'>-iOvOO'^l-~lO 

otNiO'-icsooc-iO'r)'-i"*ro'~oi^OvTt<-*'^r^'* 

r^^r:O00OCN^O00^000■^0^•^0^■^lOlOl>0l/■yO 



,-1 ,-< l-H ,-1 CNl CN) ( 



' -^ lO vO «^ OO O O 



O ■* t^ ■* 'O .-I vO O I 
■rflOvCOOO'^OOvf 



)000 

■ o o o 

) l/~; O 'O 



tvi (M CN <M t^ 

o o o o • 



I »-i '-' -^ CN CN r<D ■ 



O"*-*<^-*00OOJ~~00i^00v000>O"^<^r<iO0v 
t^>OO\CNoq'*00'-i-OOOrt<r^O^>O<M00O'^ 
C-^rOTfvOOOO'~000•^0'OOtoOOOC^OO 






\0 t^ t^ On O 



\ooN<*N^^J^\:! 



l-<'-<CNCNror^'^-*iO\01>-i 



49 



Bridgeport, Connecticut 



49 



Specific Gravity, Weight and Tensile Strength of 
Bridgeport Seamless Brass and Copper Tubing 




i 
Weight ! Weight 

per ] p-r Specific 
Cu. Inch Cu. Foot Gravity 
Pounds Pounds 


Tensile 
Strength 
er Sq. In. 
Pounds 


Brass 


.3069 

.3227 


530.3 1 8.495 40.000 
557.6 8.932 30.000 






^1 



FORMULA FOR CALCULATING COLLAPSING PRES- 
SURE OF MODERN LAP -WELDED BESSEMER 
STEEL TUBES 

[Approximately True for Brass] 

From Experiments at National Tube Works and reported in Vol. XXVII 
Trans. A.S.M.E. 

(1— VT^r6ooT2) 



P = 1,000 



d^ 



P = 86,670 



1,386 



(A) 



(B) 



Where P= collapsing pressure, pounds per sq. inch. 
^= outside diameter of tube in inches. 
t = thickness of wall in inches. 

Formula A is of for values of P less than 581 pounds, or for values of t/d 
less than 0.023, while formula B is for values greater than these. 



FORMULA FOR DETERMINING THE PROPER 
THICKNESS OF COPPER PIPES 

{Prescribed by Board of Supervising Inspectors 
of Steamboats) 

The thickness of material, according to the working 
pressure, shall be determined by the following formula: 

This proviso shall not apply to copper pipe contracted 
for previous to June 1, 1911. 

^=6;ooo+-^^2^- 

Where T = thickness in inches. 
P = working pressure. 
D = inside diameter of pipe in inches. 

EXAMPLE: Required the thickness of material of a 5-inch copper 
pipe for a working pressure of 175 pounds per square inch. 
Substituting and solving, we have 
rr. 175X5 



5,000 



'+.0625=.208. 



50 


Bridgeport 


Bras 


3 Company 


50 


SCHEDULE OF STANDARD FLANGES 


1 


Adopted October 25, 1911, by a Committee of the National || 


Association of Master Steam and Hot 


Water Fitters 


and of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers 11 


For Steam Pressures up to 125 lb. 


per sq. in. 


II 

All dimensions are in inches 


1 1 


Diameter 






Diameter 


Size Diameter Thickness 


of Bolt 


Number 


Size 


of Bolt 


of Pipe 


of Flange 


of Flange 


Circle 


of Bolts 


of Bolts 


Holes 


1 


4 


^ 


3 


4 


1^ 


A 


IM 


4)^ 


y2 


3^ 


4 


7 
T6 


1^ 


IVz 


5 


A 


33^ 


4 


'A 


K 


2 


6 


'A 


4M 


4 


A 


% 


,23^ 


7 


ii 


5^ 


4 


A 


% 


3 


73^ 


H 


6 


4 


A 


% 


3^ 


8^ 


H 


7 


4 


A 


% 


4 


9 


il 


7^ 


8 


% 


K 


4)^ 


9M 


M 


7M 


8 


% 


K 


5 


10 


15 
16 


83^ 


8 


% 


A 


6 


11 


1 


93^ 


8 


% 


A 


7 


i2y2 


1^ 


10% 


8 


% 


A 


8 


133^ 


IVs 


IIM 


8 


% 


A 


9 


15 


IVs 


13M 


12 


% 


A 


10 


16 


ll^ 


143€ 


12 


K 


1 


12 


19 


13€ 


17 


12 


J^ 


1 


14 0.D. 


21 


1^ 


18% 


12 


1 


13^ 


15 0.D. 


22M 


1^ 


20 


16 


1 


13^ 


16 0.D. 


23^ 


li^ 


213^ 


16 


1 


13^ 


18 0.D. 


25 


1^ 


22% 


16 


IK 


1% 


20O.D. 


271^ 


IH 


25 


20 


13^ 


1% 


22 O.D. 


291^ 


lit 


273^ 


20 


13^ 


1% 


24 0.D. 


32 


IK 


293^ 


20 


13^ 


134 


26 O.D. 


34M 


2 


31% 


24 


13€ 


1% 


28 O.D. 


363^ 


2^ 


34 


28 


1% 


1% 


30 O.D. 


3S% 


23^ 


36 


28 


IK 


13^ 


Bolt holes should straddle center lines. 






Flanges should be plain faced. 


=_ 





51 


B r i d 


geport, Co 


n n e c 


t i cu t 


51 


SCHEDULE OF EXTRA HEAVY FLANGES 


Adopted October 25, 1911, by a Committee of the National 


Association of Master Steam and Hot Water Fitters 


and of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers 


For Steam Pressures from 125 to 250 lb. per. sq. in. 


All dimensions are in inches 


Size 


Diameter 


Thickness 


Diameter, Number 


Size 


Diameter 


of Pipe 


of Flange 


of Flange 


of Bolt 
Circle 


of Bolts 


of Bolts 


of Bolt 
Holes 


1 


4^ 


f^ 


3M 


4 


'A 


% 


1^ 


5 


M 


3^ 


4 


^ 


Vs 


m 


6 


if 


43^ 


4 


H 


M 


2 


6M 


% 


5 


4 


H 


% 


ly^ 


W2 


1 


s% 


4 


% 


% 


3 


8M 


^% 


6^ 


8 


M 


% 


33^ 


9 


ll^ 


7M 


8 


Va 


% 


4 


10 


IM 


7J^ 


8 


Va 


Vs 


4^ 


103^ 


lA 


83^ 


8 


H 


Vs 


5 


11 


1^ 


9K 


8 


Va 


Vs 


6 


123^ 


ii^ 


10^ 


12 


H 


Vs 


7 


14 


1^ 


llj^ 


12 


% 


1 


8 


15 


\% 


13 


12 


% 


1 


9 


163^ 


m 


14 


12 


1 


1^ 


10 


18M 


1% 


15^i 


16 


1 


13^ 


12 


203^ 


2 


17M 


16 


1^ 


IM 


14 0.D. 


233^ 


23^ 


20M 


20 


1^ 


1^8 


15 0.D. 


25 


2A 


213^ 


20 


IM 


1^ 


16 0.D. 


26 


2M 


223^ 


20 


1^ 


1^ 


18 0.D. 


283^ 


2^^ 


24^ 


24 


1^ 


13^ 


20O.D. 


31 


23^ 


27 


24 


13^ 


1^ 


22 0.D. 


ZZ 


2^ 


29K 


28 


13^ 


1^ 


24 0.D. 


36 


2M 


32 


28 


15^ 


IM 


Bolt Holes should straddle center lines. 




Flanges should have ^ inch raised face for gaskets. 




Square Head Bolts with hexagonal nuts are recommended. 





52 



B r i d g- e p o r t Brass Company 



52 



REPORT OF COMMITTEE ON IDENTIFICATION OF 
POWER HOUSE PIPING— Revise 1305 

a In the main engine rooms of plants which are well 
lighted, and where the functions of the exposed pipes are 
obvious, all pipes shall be painted to conform to the color 
scheme of the room ; and if it is desirable to distinguish pipe 
systems, colors shall be used only on flanges and on valve 
fitting flanges. 

h In all other parts of the plant, such as boiler house, 
basements, etc., all pipes (exclusive of valves, flanges and 
fittings), except the fire system, shall be painted black, or 
some other single, plain, durable, inexpensive color. 

c All fire lines (suction and discharge), including pipe lines, 
valve flanges and fittings, shall be painted red throughout. 

d The edges of all flanges, fittings or valve flanges on pipe 
lines larger than 4 in. inside diameter, and the entire fittings, 
valves and flanges on lines 4 in. inside diameter and smaller, 
shall be painted the following distinguishing colors, numbered 
1 to 12, inclusive: 

Distinguishing Colors to be Used on Valves, Flanges 
and Fittings Only 



Steam Division 
a High pressure White 
b Exhaust system Buff 

Water Division 

c Fresh water, low- 
pressure Blue 

d Fresh water, high 
pressure boiler 
feed lines Blue and White 

e Salt water piping Green 

Oil Division 

/ Delivery and 
discharge — ■ 
— brass or 
bronze Yellow 

Pneumatic Division 
g All pipes Gray 

Respectfully submitted, 

F. R. HUTTON 
I. E. MOULTROP 

H. G. Stott 



Gas Division 
h City lighting 



service 
i Gas engine ser- 
vice 



Ahiminum 



Black, red 
flanges 

Fuel Oil Division 
j All piping Black 

Refrigerating System 
k White and green 
stripes alter- 
nately on flanges 
and fittings Body of pipe 

being black 

Electric Lines and Feeders. 

/ Black and red 
stripes alter- 
nately on 
flanges and fit- 
tings Body of pipe 
being black 



H. P. Norton 
J. T. Whittlesey 
Chairman 



53 B r i d g- e p o r t , Connecticut 53 

RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE USE OF SEAM- 
LESS BRASS AND COPPER TUBES, AS PRESCRIBED 
BY THE BOARD OF SUPERVISING INSPECTORS OF 
STEAMBOATS 
[Amended to September 25th, 1912] 

Copper and Brass Tubes May he Used in Construction of 
Water Tube Boilers When Liquid Fuel is Used 

Seamless copper or brass tubes not exceeding three-fourths 
of an inch in diameter may be used in the construction of 
water-tube boilers or generators when liquid fuel is used. 

There may also be used in their construction. 

Copper or brass steam drums not exceeding 14 inches in 
diameter, of a thickness of material not less than five-eighths 
of an inch. 

And copper or brass steam drums 12 inches in diameter 
and under having a thickness of material of not less than 
one-half inch. 

All tubes and drums referred to in this paragraph shall be 
made from ingots or blanks drawn down to size without a 
seam. 

Water-tube boilers or generators so constructed may be 
used for marine purposes with none other than liquid fuel. 
(Sec. 4429, R. S.) 

Flanging of Copper Tubes 

All copper pipe subject to pressure shall be flanged over or 
outward to a depth of not less than twice the thickness of the 
material in the pipe, and such flanging shall be made to a 
radius not to exceed the thickness of the pipe. 

On boilers whose construction was commenced after June 
30, 1905, no bend will be allowed in copper pipe of which the 
radius is less than one and one-half times the diameter of the 
pipe, and such pipe must be so led and flanges so placed that 
they may be readily taken down if required. 

Such pipes must be protected by iron casings when run 
through coal bunkers, and must be clear of the coal chutes. 

The flanges of all copper steam pipes over 3 inches in 
diameter shall be made of brass or bronze composition, 
forged iron or steel, or open-hearth steel castings, and shall 
be securely brazed or riveted to the pipe. 



54 Bridgeport Brass Company 54 

Provided, however, That when such pipes are properly 
formed with a taper through the flange, such taper being fully 
reenforced, the riveting or brazing may be dispensed with: 

And provided also, That when the pipe has been expanded 
by proper and capable machinery into grooved flanges and the 
pipe flared out at the ends to an angle of approximately 20°, 
said angle to be taken in the direction of the length of the 
pipe, and having a depth of flare equal to at least one and one- 
half times the thickness of the material in the pipe, said 
riveting or brazing may be dispensed with. 

Where copper pipes are expanded into or riveted to flanges, 
it will be necessary for the pipes with their flanges attached 
to withstand a hydrostatic pressure of two and one-half 
times the boiler pressure. 

Flanges shall be not less than four times the required 
thickness of pipe, plus one-fourth of an inch, and shall be 
fitted with such number of good and substantial bolts as shall 
make the joints at least equal in strength to all other parts 
of the pipe. 

Any form of joint that will add to the safety or increase the 
strength of flange and pipe connections over those provided 
for by this rule will be allowed on any and all classes of 
steam pipe. 



Water Conversion Factors 


U. S. gallons 






X 8.33 


= pounds 


U. S. gallons 






X 0.13368 


= cubic feet 


U. S. gallons 






X 231 


= cubic inches 


U. S. gallons 






X 0.83 


= English gallons 


U. S. gallons 






X 3.78 


= liters 


English gallons 


(Im 


perial) 


X 10 


= pounds 


English gallons 


(Im 


perial) 


X 0.16 


= cubic feet 


English gallons 


(Im 


perial) 


X 277.274 


= cubic inches 


English gallons 


(Im 


perial) 


X 1.2 


= U. S. gallons 


English gallons 


(Im 


perial) 


X 4.537 


= liters 


Cubic inches of 


water (39.1°) 


X 0.036024 


= pounds 


Cubic inches of 


water (39.1°) 


X 0.004329 


= U. S. gallons 


Cubic inches of 


water (39.1°) 


X 0.003607 


= English gallons 


Cubic inches of 


water (39.1°) 


X 0.576384 


= ounces 


Cubic feet of water 


(39.1°) 


X 62.425 


= pounds 


Cubic feet of water 


(39.1°) 


X 7.48 


= U. S. gallons 


Cubic feet of water 


(39.1°) 


X 6.232 


= English gallons 


Cubic feet of water 


(39.1°) 


X 0.028 


= tons 


Pounds of water 






X 27.72 


= cubic inches 


Pounds of water 






X 0.01602 


= cubic feet 


Pounds of water 






X 0.083 


= U. S. gallons 


Pounds of water 






X 0.10 


= English gallons 



55 


Bri 


dgep 


rt, C 


onnecticut 5E 


TABLE SHOWING FRACTIONS OF INCH REDUCED ||| 
TO DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS ||| 


64ths. 


32ds. 


16ths. 


Decimal 
8ths. Equivalents: 


1/64 
3/64 
5/64 
V64 
9/64 
»l/64 
. 13/64 
15/64 
1V64 
19/64 

V. 

23/64 
25/64 
2V64 
2V64 
31/64 
33/64 

35/64 

37/64 

39/64 
^1/64 
«/64 
*5/64 
^V64 
«/64 
51/64 
■ 53/64 
55/64 
5V64 
59/64 
61/64 
63/64 






' niKfi?^ Ill 


1/32 






031250 






046875 




Vl6 




062500 




07:^19'; 


3/32 




' OQ.^T.Sn III 






109375 






Vs 


125000 


140625 


5/32 






156250 






171875 




Vl6 




187500 




203125 


V32 






218750 






234375 






Vs 


250000 


265625 


9/32 







281250 






OQfiSJK 




5/16 


■ . • 312560 III 


328125 


11/32 




I 34.^7=;0 




359375 




3/« 


375000 






390625 


13/32 






406250 






421875 




Vl6 




437500 






453125 


15/32 






468750 






484375 






4/« 


500000 


' 


515625 


1V32 




531250 




" <;AAfi7? 




9/16 


1 562500 


j . 578125 


19/32 




593750 




609375 






Vs 625000 

.... 640625 


21/32 




fis;fi?^n 






671875 




11/16 




687500 




703125 


23/32 






718750 


. 




734375 






Vs 


750000 




765625 


25/32 







781250 






796875 




13/16 




812500 




828125 


2V32 






m^Tzn 




' S^O^T^ III 






Vs 


875000 






son/'.'!)!; 


29/32 


QCif^o^n III 





9''1875 




15/16 




937500 








QC21 or 


31/32 


::;::::' 


968750 




OSJ.^7 tJ 









56 Bridg-eportB 


r a s s C 


D m p a n y 56 


TABLE OF EQUIVALENTS OF FRACTIONS OF | 


MILLIMETERS IN DECIMALS OF INCHES || 


mm. inches 
Vioo = .000393 7 


mm. inches 


mm. inches 


Vioo = .01772 


Vioo = .03504 


Vioo = . 00079 


Vioo = .01811 


Vioo = .03543 


Vioo = .00118 


Vioo = .01851 


Vioo = .03583 


Vioo = . 00157 


Vioo = .01890 


Vioo = .03622 


Vioo = .00197 


Vioo = .01928 


Vioo = .03662 


Vioo = .00236 


Vioo = .01969 


Vioo = .03701 


Vioo = .00276 


Vioo = .02008 


Vioo = .03740 


Vioo = .00315 


Vioo = .02047 


Vioo = .03780 


Vioo = .00354 


Vioo = .02087 


Vioo = .03819 


^Vioo = .00394 


Vioo = .02126 


Vioo = .03858 


n/ioo = .00433 


Vioo = .02165 


Vioo = .03898 • 


iVioo = . 00472 


Vioo = .02205 


1 =.03937 


iVioo = .00512 


Vioo = .02244 


2 = .07874 


iVioo = . 00551 


Vioo = .02284 


3 = . 11811 


Vioo = .00591 


Vioo = .02323 


4 = . 15748 


"/loo = .00630 


Vioo = .02362 


5 =.19685 


Vioo = .00669 


Vioo = .02402 


6 = . 23622 


iVioo = . 00709 


Vioo = .02441 


7 = . 27559 


Vioo = .00748 


Vioo = .02480 


8 = . 31496 


Vioo = .00787 


Vioo = .02520 


9 = .35433 


Vioo = .00827 


Vioo = .02559 


10 = .39370 


Vioo = .00866 


Vioo = .02598 


11 = .43307 


Vioo = .00906 


Vioo = .02638 


12 = .47244 


Vioo = .00945 


Vioo = .02677 


13 = . 51181 


Vioo = .00984 


Vioo = .02717 


14 = . 55118 


Vioo = .01 024 


Vioo = .02756 


15 = .59055 


Vioo = .01063 


Vioo = .02795 


16 = .62992 


Vioo = .01 102 


Vioo = .02835 


17 =.66929 


Vioo = .01142 


Vioo = .02874 


18 = .70866 


Vioo = .01181 


Vioo = .02914 


19 = .74803 


Vioo = .01220 


Vioo = .02953 


20 = .78740 


Vioo = .01260 


Vioo = .02992 


21 =.82677 


Vioo = .01299 


Vioo = .03032 


22 = .86614 


Vioo = .01339 


Vioo = .03071 


23 = .90551 


Vioo = .01378 


Vioo = .03110 


24 = .94488 ' 


Vioo = .01417 


Vioo = .03150 


25 = .98425 


Vioo = .01457 


Vioo = .03189 


26 = 1.02362 


Vioo = .01496 


Vioo = .03228 


27 = 1.06299 


Vioo = .01535 


Vioo = .03268 


28 = 1.10236 


Vioo = .01575 


Vioo = .03307 


29 = 1.14173 


Vioo = .01614 


85/^^^^.03347 


30=1.18110 


Vioo = .01654 


Vioo = .03386 


31 = 1.22047 


Vioo = .01693 


Vioo = .03425 


32=1.25984 


Vioo = .01732 


Vioo = .03465 


33 = 1.29921 


1 mm. = 


..03937 In. 


10 m. 


1 Meter = . . .39.37 In. 


10 mm. = 1 Centimeter 


=0.3937 In. 


25.4 mm. = 


1 English In. 


10 cm. =1 Decimeter 


= 3.937 In. 


_^.^_.=^^ 







57 Bridgeport, Connecticut 57 




TABLE OF EQUIVALENTS OF MILLIMETERS || 


1 


IN DECIMALS OF INCHES || 


mm. inches 


mm. inches 


mm. inches 




34=1.33858 


78 = 3.07086 


122=4.80314 




35 = 1.37795 


79 = 3.11023 


123=4.84251 




36 = 1.41732 


80 = 3.14960 


124 = 4.88188 




37 = 1.45669 


81 = 3.18897 


125=4.92125 




38 = 1.49606 


82 = 3.22834 


126 = 4.96062 




39 = 1.53543 


83 = 3.26771 


127 = 4.99999 


\ 


40 = 1.57480 


84 = 3.30708 


128 = 5.03936 


41 = 1.61417 


85 = 3.34645 


129 = 5.07873 


! 


42 = 1.65354 


86 = 3.38582 


130 = 5.11810 




43 = 1.69291 


87 = 3.42519 


131=5.15747 




44 = 1.73228 


88 = 3.46456 


132 = 5.19684 




45 = 1.77165 


89 = 3.50393 


133 = 5.23621 


J 


46 = 1.81102 


90 = 3.54330 


134 = 5.27558 




47 = 1.85039 


91 = 3.58267 


135 = 5.31495 




48 = 1.88976 


92 = 3.62204 


136 = 5.35432 




49 = 1.92913 


93 = 3.66141 


137 = 5.39369 




50 = 1.96850 


94 = 3.70078 


138 = 5.43306 




51 = 2.00787 


95 = 3.74015 


139 = 5.47243 




52 = 2.04724 


96 = 3.77952 


140 = 5.51180 




53 = 2.08661 


97 = 3.81889 


141 = 5.55117 




54 = 2.12598 


98 = 3.85826 


142 = 5.59054 




55 = 2.16535 


99 = 3.89763 


143 = 5.62991 




56 = 2.20472 


100 = 3.93700 


144 = 5.66928 




57 = 2.24409 


101 = 3.97637 


145 = 5.70865 




58 = 2.28346 


102 = 4.01574 


146 = 5.74802 




59 = 2.32283 


103 = 4.05511 


147 = 5.78739 




60 = 2.36220 


104 = 4.09448 


148 = 5.82676 




61=2.40157 


105 = 4.13385 


149 = 5.86613 




62 = 2.44094 


106 = 4.17322 


150 = 5.90550 




63 = 2.48031 


107 = 4.21259 


151 = 5.94487 




64 = 2.51968 


108 = 4.25196 


152 = 5.98424 




65 = 2.55905 


109 = 4.29133 


153 = 6.02361 




66 = 2.59842 


110 = 4.33070 


154 = 6.06298 




67 = 2.63779 


111 = 4.37007 


155 = 6.10235 




68 = 2.67716 


112 = 4.40944 


156 = 6.14172 




69 = 2.71653 


113 = 4.44881 


157 = 6.18109 




70 = 2.75590 


114 = 4.48818 


158 = 6.22046 




71 = 2.79527 


115 = 4.52755 


159 = 6.25983 




72 = 2.83464 


116 = 4.56692 


160 = 6.29920 




73 = 2.87401 


117 = 4.60629 


161 = 6.33857 




74 = 2.91338 


118 = 4.64566 


162 = 6.37794 




75 = 2.95275 


119 = 4.68503 


163 = 6.41731 




76 = 2.99212 


120 = 4.72440 


164 = 6.45668 




77 = 3.03149 


121=4.76377 


165 = 6.49605 


1 mm. = 


03937 In. 


10 m. = 


I Meter = 39.37 In. 




10 mm. = 1 Centimeter = 


0.3937 In. 


25.4 mm. = 


1 English In. 




10 cm. =1 Decimeter = 


3.937 In. 







58 



Bridgeport Brass Company 



58 



TABLE OF EQUIVALENTS OF MILLIMETERS 
IN DECIMALS OF INCHES 



mm. 
166 = 

167: 

168: 

169: 

170 = 

171: 

172 = 

173 = 

174 = 

175 = 

176 = 

177 = 

178 = 

179 = 

180 = 

181 = 

182 = 

183 = 

184 = 
185^ 

186 = 

187 = 

188 = 

189 = 

190 = 

191 = 

192 = 

193 = 

194 = 

195 = 

196 = 

197 = 

198 = 

199 = 

200 = 

201 = 

202 = 

203 = 

204 = 

205 = 

206 = 

207 = 

208 = 

209 = 

210 = 



inches 
= 6.53542 
= 6.57479 
= 6.61416 
= 6.65353 
= 6.69290 
= 6.73227 
= 6.77164 

:6.81101 

: 6.85038 
= 6.88975 
:6.92912 
: 6.96849 
: 7.00786 
: 7.04723 
= 7.08660 
7.12597 
7.16534 
7.20471 
7.24408 
7.28345 
: 7.32282 
7.36219 
7.40156 
7.44093 
7.48030 
7.51967 
7.55904 
7.59841 
7.63778 
7.67715 
7.71652 
7.75589 
: 7.79526 
: 7.83463 
7.87400 
= 7.91337 
= 7.95274 
: 7.99211 
= 8.03148 
= 8.07085 
=8.11022 
=8.14959 
=8.18896 
= 8.22833 
= 8.26770 



mm. 

211 = 

212 = 

213: 
214: 
215: 

216 = 

217 = 

218 = 

219 = 

220 = 

221 = 

222 = 

223 = 

224 = 

225 = 

226 = 

227 = 

228 = 

229 = 

230 = 

231 = 

232 = 

233 = 

234 = 

235 = 

236 = 

237 = 

238 = 

239 = 

240 = 

241 = 

242 = 

243 = 

244 = 

245 = 

246 = 

247 = 

248 = 

249 = 

250 = 

251 = 

252 = 

253 = 

254 = 

255 = 



inches 
= 8.30707 
= 8.34644 
= 8.38581 
= 8.42518 
= 8.46455 
= 8.50392 
= 8.54329 
= 8.58266 
= 8.62203 
= 8.66140 
=8.70077 
= 8.74014 
= 8.77951 
= 8.81888 
= 8.85825 
=8.89762 
= 8.93699 
: 8.97636 
:9.01573 
= 9.05510 
= 9.09447 
=9.13384 
= 9.17321 
=9.21258 
=9.25195 
= 9.29132 
= 9.33069 
=9.37006 
=9.40943 
= 9.44880 
= 9.48817 
= 9.52754 
:9.56691 
=9.60628 
=9.64565 
=9.68502 
=9.72439 
=9.76376 
=9.80313 
= 9.84250 
=9.88187 
= 9.92124 
= 9.96061 
= 9.99998 
= 10.03935 



mm. 

256 = 

257 = 

258 = 

259 = 

260 = 

261 = 

262 = 

263 = 

264 = 

265 = 

266 = 

267 = 

268 = 

269 = 

270 = 

271 = 

272 = 

273 = 

274 = 

275 = 

276 = 

277 = 

278 = 

279 = 

280 = 

281 = 

282 = 

283 = 

284 = 

285 = 

286 = 

287 = 

288 = 

289 = 

290 = 

291 = 

292 = 

293 = 

294 = 

295 = 

296 = 

297 = 

298 = 

299 = 



inches 
= 10.07872 
=10.11809 
= 10.15746 
10.19683 
10.23620 
10.27557 
10.31494 
10.35431 
10.39368 
10.43305 
10.47242 
10.51179 
10.55116 
10.59053 
10.62990 
10.66927 
10.70864 
10.74801 
10.78738 
10.82675 
10.86612 
10.90549 
10.94486 
10.98423 
11.02360 
11.06297 
11.10234 
11.14171 
11.18108 
11.22045 
11.25982 
11.29919 
11.33856 
11.37793 
11.41730 
11.45667 
11.49604 
11.53541 
11.57478 
11.61415 
11.65352 
11.69289 
11.73226 
11.77163 



1 nim. = 03937 In. 10 m. 

10 mm. = l Centimeter =0.3937 In. 25.4 mm. 
10 cm. =1 Decimeter =3.937 In. 



1 Meter: 



.. . . 39.37 In. 
1 English In. 



Bridgeport, Connecticut 



59 



TABLE SHOWING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN 

THE VARIOUS STANDARDS OF GAUGES, 
FIGURED IN DECIMAL PARTS OF AN INCH 



No. 



^^ 


E 


So 


10 (U 


few 


c§0 


<a3 


Da 



0000 

000 

00 



1 

2 

3 
4 
5 

6 
7 
8 

9 

10 

11 
12 
13 
14 
15 

16 
17 

18 
19 

20 

21 
22 
23 

24 
25 

26 
27 
28 
29 
30 

31 
32 
33 
34 
35 

36 
37 
38 
39 
40 



.460 
.40964 
.36480 
.32486 

.28930 
.25763 
.22942 
.20431 
.18194 

.16202 

.14428 
.12849 
.11443 
.10189 

.09074 
.08081 
.07196 
.06408 
.05706 

.05082 
.04525 
.04030 
.03589 
.03196 

.02846 

.025347 

.022571 

.0201 

.0179 

.01594 

.014195 

.012641 

.011257 

.010025 

.008928 

.00795 

.00708 

.0063 

.00561 

.005 

.00445 

.003965 

.003531 

.003144 



.032 
.028 
.025 
.022 
.020 

.018 
.016 
.014 
.013 
.012 

.010 
.009 
.008 
.007 
.005 

.004 



.454 


.454 


.425 


.425 


.380 


,380 


.340 


.340 


.300 


.300 


.284 


.284 


.259 


.259 


.238 


.238 


.220 


.220 


.203 


.203 


.180 


.180 


.165 


.165 


.148 


.148 


.134 


.134 


.120 


.120 


.109 


.109 


.095 


.095 


.083 


.083 


.072 


•072 


.065 


.065 


.058 


.058 


.049 


.049 


.042 


.040 


.035 


.035 



.0315 

.0295 

.027 

.025 

.023 

.0205 

.01875 

.0165 

.0155 

.01375 

.01225 

.01125 

.01025 

.0095 

.009 

.0075 

.0065 

.00575 

.005 

.0045 



5 '" 
J^ o 



.393 
.362 
.331 
.307 

.283 
.263 
.244 
.225 
.207 

.192 
.177 
,162 
.148 
.135 

.120 
.105 
.092 
.080 
.072 

.063 
.054 
.047 
.041 
.035 

.032 
.028 
.025 
.023 
.020 

.018 
.017 
.016 
,015 
.014 

.0135 

.013 

.011 

.01 

.0095 

.009 

.0085 

.008 

.0075 

.007 



.372 
.348 
.324 

.3 

.276 

.252 

.232 

.212 

.192 

.176 

.16 

.144 

.128 

.116 

.104 

.092 

.08 

.072 

.064 

.056 

.048 

.04 

.036 

.032 
.028 
.024 
.022 
.02 

.018 

.0164 

.0148 

.0136 

.0124 

.0116 

.0108 

.01 

.0092 

.0084 

.0076 

.0068 

.006 

.0052 

.0048 



^ o c_^ 
bjn^ o 4) 

.^t5W 
CO c o^-o 



'W 



.40625 
.37500 
.34375 
.31250 

.28125 
.26562 
.25000 
.23437 
.21875 

.20312 
.18750 
.17187 
.15625 
.14062 

.12500 
.10937 
.09375 
.07812 
.07031 

.06250 
.05625 
.05000 
.04375 
.03750 

.03437 
.03125 
.02812 
.02500 
.02187 

.01875 
.01718 
.01562 
.01406 
.01250 

.01093 
.01015 
.00937 
.00859 
.00781 

.00703 
.00664 
.00625 



Where very exact measurements are required, order by 
thousandths of the inch, using micrometer gauge. 



60 Bridgeport Brass Company 60 



TABLE SHOWING THE METRIC SYSTEM UNITS, 

SUBDIVISIONS AND MULTIPLES 

IN GENERAL USE 



LENGTH,— The metric unit of length is : 

AMeterim) 39.37 inches. 

SUB-DIVISIONS : 

Decimeter (dm) is i/io of a meter 3.937 " 

CeK^/meter (cw) is Vioo of a meter 0.3937 " 

M///meter (ww) is Viooo of a meter 0.03937 

MULTIPLES : 
A Dekameter is 10 meters 393.7 inches=32. 8 feet. 

Hectometer is 100 " 3937. " =109 yds., 13 ins. 

Kilometer is 1000 " 39370. " = .62 137 mile. 

Myriameter is 10000 " 393700. " =6.2137 

WEIGHT,— The metric unit of weight is : 
A Cram (g) (equivalent to a cubic centimeter of water) 15.432 grains. 
SUB-DIVISIONS : 

Dec/gram ((y^) is Vio of a gram 1.5432 

Ce«/;gram (eg') is i/ioo of a gram 0.1543 

M//zgram (w^) is i/iooo of a giam 0.01543 " 

MULTIPLES : 
A Decagram (dkg) is 10 grams, 154.320 grains= 0.3527 oz. 



Heciosr&m {hg) is 100 
Kihgrzm {kg) is 1000 
Mjn'agram (myg) is 10000 
Quintal is 100000 

Millier or tonneau 1 000000 



1540.320 
15430.20 
154320.0 
1543200. 
15432000.0 



= 3.5274 " 
= 2.2046 lbs. 
= 22.046 " 
=220.46 '• 
= 2204.6 " 



or Metric Ton. 0.9842 tons. 

CAPACITY, (Liquid Measure)— The metric unit of capacity is : 
A I;V^r (which is 1000 cubic centimeters, 1.0567 quarts. 
SUB-DIVISIONS : 

A Deciliter (dl), i/io of a liter 0.1056 quarts=0.845 gill, 

Ce«/niter (c/), Vioo of a liter 0.0105 " =0.338fl.oz. 

M//niter(w/), i/ioooof aliter 0.00105 " =0.27 fl. dr. 

MULTILPES : 
A Dekaliter (dkl), 10 liters 10.567 quarts= 2.641 7 gallons. 

Hectoliter, 100 " 105.67 " = 26.417 

/C/Voliter, or Stere 1 000 " 1056,7 " =264.17 

In the metric system Latin preflxea idkci, etc.,") are used for subdivisions and Greek 
prefixes ^dkka, etc., ) for multiples. 



61 




Bridgepor 


t, 


Co 


n n e 


c ti cu t 


61 


METRIC SYSTEM EQUIVALENTS IN INCHES, 


FEET AND YARDS, ETC. 


Meters : 


Equivalent in Inches: 


Equivalent in Feet : 


Equivalent in Yards: 


1 


39.37 


3.28083 


1.093611 


2 


78.74 


6.56167 


2.287222 


3 


118.11 


9.84250 


3.280833 


4 


157.48 


13.12333 


4.374444 


5 


196.85 


16.40417 


5.468056 


6 


236.22 


19.68500 


6.561667 


7 


275.59 


22.96583 


7.655278 


8 


314.96 


26.24667 


8.748889 


9 


354.33 


29.52750 


9.842500 


SQUARE MEASURE 


Square 

Centinae- 

ters : 


Equivalent in 
Square 
Inches: 


Square 
Meters : 


Equivalent in 
Square 
Feet: 


Square 
Meters : 


Equivalent in 
Square 
Yards : 


1 


0.155 


1 


10.764 


1 


1.196 


2 


0.310 


2 


21 


528 


2 


2.392 


3 


0.465 


3 


32 


292 


3 


3.588 


4 


0.620 


4 


43 


055 


4 


4.784 


5 


0.775 


5 


53 


819 


5 


5.980 


6 


0.930 


6 


64 


583 


6 


7.176 


7 


1.085 


7 


75 


347 


7 


8.372 


8 


1.240 


8 


86 


111 


8 


9.568 




1.395 


9 


96.874 


9 


10.764 



ENGLISH SYSTEM EQUIVALENTS IN CENTIMETERS 
AND METERS 


Inches: 


Equivalent in 
Centimeters : 


Feet: 


Equivalent in 
Meters : 


Yards : 


Equivalent in 
Meters : 


1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 


2.54 
5.08 
7.62 
10.16 
12.70 
15.24 
17.78 
20.32 
22 86 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 


0.304801 
0.609601 
0.914402 
1.219202 
1.524003 
1.828804 
2.133604 
2.438405 
2.743:205 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 


0.914402 
1.828804 
2.743205 
3.657607 
4.572009 
5.486411 
6.400813 
7.315215 
8.229616 


SQUARE MEASURE 


Square 
Inch: 


Equivalent in 

Square 
Centimeters : 


Square 
Feet: 


Equivalent in 
Square 
Meters: 


Square 
Yards : 


Equivalent in 
Square 
Meters : 


1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 


6.452 
12.903 
19.355 
25.807 
32.258 
38.710 
45.161 
51.613 
58.065 


1 
2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 


0.09290 
0.18581 
0.27871 
0.37161 
0.46452 
0.55742 
0.65032 
0.74323 
0.83613 


1 

2 
3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 


0.836 
1.672 
2.508 
3.344 
4.181 
5.017 
5.853 
6.689 
7.525 



62 



Bridgeport Brass Company 



62 



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lO NO t^ 00 ON 








S^ 






^^^ 


:= 




^ 







63 



Bridgeport, Connecticut 



63 



r 

vo 

o 

i 

1 

2 

o 

1 
1 

o 
ft. 


The pressure of still water in pounds per square inch against the sides of any pipe, channel or vessel of any shape 
whatever is due solely to the "head," or height of the level surface of the water above the point at which the 
pressure is considered, and is equal to .43302 lb. per square inch for every foot of head, or 62.355 lbs. per square foot 
for every foot of head (at 62 degrees F.) 


c 

3 

cr 

C/3 


OS 


t^ t^ t^ t— t-- 

ON CN lO OO '-H 

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CO 00 CN \d ■"-H 
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CN CN CO CO -^ 




r^ 


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CO O On ro LO 
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co' t-^ •«-H O O 

tH ^— 1 CN 


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Tt^' On' CO t^ C^i 
CN CN CO CO >* 




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CN vd i-H lO On 

tH T-< T-H 


00 OO 00 00 00 
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CN CN CO CO -^ 




lO 


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T-l irH tH 


lO LO LO LO LO 

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CO* 00 CN NO i-^' 
CN CN CO CO -^ 




rt^ 


CN CN CN CN CN 

CO NO ON CN lO • 

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■rH* VO d -1^ Os' 


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00 ^ ^ t^ O 
CO r^ O CO t~^ 

CO t^ CN* NO d 
CN (N CO CO '^ 




CO 


On On On On On 
On (N LO 00 T-i 

CN NO ON (N NO 

T-5 LO On T:t^ o6 
^— 1 1— I 


On On On On ON 
T^ I-» O CO NO 
On CN NO On CN 

CN* f^ •.-3 LO* d 

CN CN CO CO rt< 




^ 


NO NO >0 NO NO 

NO On CN lO 00 

00 •rH LO 00 .^ 

d »0 On CO 00 


NO O NO O NO 
^ -^ t^ O CO 

LO CO -rH LO OO 

CN NO 1-^ lO On 

CN CN CO CO CO 




- 


CO CO CO CO CO 
CO NO On CN LO 
•^ t^ O -^ i:^ 
d -^ On CO !>; 


CO CO CO ^ CO 
00 -^ -^ t^ o 
O -^ t-. o -* 
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CN CN CO CO CO 




O 


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^§2^S 

NO ON CO NO On 
■--i LO d ■^* od 

CN CN CO CO CO 




Head, 
Feet 


^2^^^ 


^§S§g 





64 




Br 


idgeport Brass Company 


64 


'^ o 


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ifi 


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6 

< 


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1— 1 


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§1 




'—' 


■^r^iONOOO'^OOCMOCMO'^oOOC^lNOrH'NO 


.S 


OOOr<lcONOONCOcooO'<— t-^T-icocMcoCMOOt^ r-i 


ooooooO'<-icMcooo^roTd^ooiotooqio:co 


,^_i 


T-J cm' CO '^ o oc> o trj 


fe° 


[ 


1— 1 T— 1 


21 




1 


5=: 1 S SJ 


;i^^:^ :^:^::^ ::^^ 


^^^^CMCMcO'^iONOr^oOONO'^CN' 


03 I OS c 




<U -r^ 1— 1 




O 


Q 




'> 






C ! tM 


CO -^ ID -^ On lO NO t^ NO <4-. 1] 


O 1 Ol>_ 


: Ot-h ID COIDIO COID 00 ON O O 00 Q H 


Based 

Value 

ac V] 


'rhONOOcONOT-iCNrOt-OOcO'^NOCslOtMCMOOOO., 


OOCMNO'.-iO\00^'*ONOOOiDt->iDiDCM'.^ 2^ 
q O O O ■>-< T-H CM -^^ t^ CM ID ID CO CO CM NO On -^ On ^ 


■^* cm' rt !>.* O ID O O ri? (N ,53 


T-H .^ r^ CM CO -^ > 



65 


Bridgeport, 


Connecticut 


65 


QUANTITY OF WATER IN CU. FT. PER MINUTE 


DICHARGED FROM HOUSE SERVICE PIPES 


It is assumed that Pipes are Straight and Smooth Inside. 


From Data Furnished Thompson Meter Co. by E. Kuichling, C. E. 


Pressure 


Nominal Diameter of Pipes in Inches 


in Main 
Pounds 


II 




















per Sq In 


H 


H 


?4 


1 


132 


2 


3 


4 


6 


Through 35 ft. of Service Pipe, no Back Pressure || 


30 


1.10 


1.92 


3.01 


6.13 


16.58 


33.34 


88.16 


173.85 


444.63 


40 


1.27 


2.22 


3.48 


7.08 


19.14 


38.50 


101.80 


200.75 


513.42 


50 


1.42 


2.48 


3.89 


7.92 


21.40 


43.04 


113.82 


224.44 


574.02 


60 


1.56 


2.71 


4.26 


8.67 


23.44 


47.15 


124.68 


245.87 


628.81 


75 


1.74 


3.03 


4.77 


9.70 


26.21 


52.71 


139.39 


274.89 


703.03 


100 


2.01 


3.50 


5.50 


11.20 


30.27 


60.87 


160.96 


317.41 


811.79 


130 


2.29 


3.99 


6.28 


12.77 


34.51 


69.40 


183.52 


361.91 


925.58 


Through 100 ft. of Service Pipe, no Back Pressure | 


30 


0.66 


1.16 


1.84 


3.78 


10.40 


21.30 


58.19 


118.13 


317.23 


40 


0.77 


1.34 


2.12 


4.36 


12.01 


24.59 


67.19 


136.41 


366.30 


50 


0.86 


1.50 


2.37 


4.88 


13.43 


27.50 


75.13 


152.51 


409.54 


60 


0.94 


1.65 


2.60 


5.34 


14.71 


30.12 


82.30 


167.06 


448.63 


75 


1.05 


1.84 


2.91 


5.97 


16.45 


33.68 


92.01 


186.78 


501.58 


100 


1.22 


2.13 


3.36 


6.90 


18.99 


38.89 


106.24 


215.68 


579.18 


130 


1.39 


2.42 3.83 


7.86 


21.66 


44.34 


121.14 


245.91 


660.36 


Through 100 ft. of Service Pipe, and 15 ft. Vertical Rise || 


30 


0.55 


0.96 


1.52 


3.11 


8.57 


17.55 


47.90 


9M7 


1 
260.56 


40 


0.66 


1.15 


1.81 


3.72 


10.24 


20.95 


57.20 


116.01 


311.09 ; 


50 


0.75 


1.31 


2.06 


4.24 


11.67 


23.87 


65.18 


132.20 


354.49 


60 


0.83 


1.45 


2.29 


4.70 


12.94 


26.48 


72.28 


146.61 


393.13 


75 


0.94 


1.64 


2.59 


5.32 


14.64 


29.96 


81.79 


165.90 


444.58 


100 


1.10 


1.92 


3.02 


6.21 


17.10 


35.00 


95.55 


193.82 


519.72 


130 


1.26 


2.20 


3.4« 


7.14 


19.66 


40.23 


109.82 


222.75 


597.31 


Through 100 ft. of Service Pipe, and 30 ft. Vertical Rise || 


30 


0.44 


0.77 


1.22 


2.50 


6.80 


14.11 


38.63 


78.54 


211.54 


40 


0.55 


0.97 


1.53 


3.15 


8.68 


17.79 


48.68 


98.98 


266.59 


50 


0.65 


1 14 


1.79 


3.69 


10.16 


20.82 


56.98 


115.87 


312.08 


60 


0.73 


1.28 


2.02 


4.15 


11.45 


23.47 


64.22 


130.59 


351.73 


75 


0.84 


1.47 


2.32 


4.77 


13.15 


26.95 


73.76 


149.99 


403.98 


100 


1.00 


1.74 


2.75 


5.65 


15.58 


31.93 


87.38 


177.67 


478.55 I 


130 


1.15 


2.02 


3.19 


6.55 


18.07 


37.02 


101.33 


206.04 


354.96 j 

! 


Deliveries will be greater if: u| 


First, If the pipe between meter and the main is of larger diameter 


than outlet. { 


Second, If main is tapped, say for 1-inch pipe, but enlarged from the j 


tap to IM or 1 1 i inch; or, I 


Third, If pipe on outlet is larger than that on inlet side of meter. 



66 



Bridgeport Brass Company 



6( 



Quantity of Water Discharged and FrictionLoss ii 

Plotted from Ellis & Rowland's Table by Walter R. Clark 

Cubic Foot per Minute Flc 




Gallons per Minute Flow 

Example I. Given 200 gallons per minute flow for 100 ft. with 10 lbs. pressure loss. 
Follow vertical line of 200 G.P.M. and horizontal line of 10 lbs. pressure drop to inter- 
section lying between 2^" and 3" pipe diameter and 12 and 13 F.P.S. velocity. 

V^ = Velocity in feet per second 

G = Gallons per minute 

F = Pounds friction loss per 100 feet 



Bridgeport, Connecticut 



67 



Ilean Straight Pipes at Different Velocities of Flow 

ti. B., Designing Engineer with Bridgeport Brass Co. 

ubic Foot per Minute Flow 




Gallons per Minute Flow 



Example II. Given 4" I.D. pipe and 5 ft. per second velocity. At intersection read 
down and get 196 G.P.M. and up to get 26 cu. ft. flow read to left and get 2.7 ft. 
head loss and to right and get 1.17 lbs. pressure drop per 100 ft. 

Q = .245 V D2 

F = .03 Q3/D5 for V > 3 

D = Diameter in inches 



68 



Bridgeport Brass Company 



68 



TABLE SHOWING AREAS OF CIRCLES FOR DIAMETERS 

Advancing 





Diameters of Circles in Inches 


Fractions of Inch 
Otofi 























1 


2 


3 


4 










.7854 


3.1416 


7.0686 


12.566 


V64 






.0002 


.8101 


3.1907 


7.1422 


12.664 




V32 






.0008 


.8342 


3.2403 


7.2163 


12.763 


V64 








.0017 


.8607 


3.2903 


7.2908 


12.862 






Vl6 




.0031 


.8866 


3.3410 


7.3662 


12.962 


Ve. 








.0048 


.9128 


3.3917 


7.4414 


13.062 




V32 






.0069 


.9395 


3.4428 


7.5170 


13.162 


.Ve. 








.0094 


.9664 


3.4946 


7.5935 


13.263 








Vs 


.0123 


.9940 


3.5466 


7.6699 


13.364 


V64 








.0155 


1.0218 


3.5986 


7.7467 


13.465 




/32 






.0192 


1.0500 


3.6515 


7.8238 


13.567 


"764 








.0232 


1.0786 


3.7045 


7.9013 


13.669 






Vie 




.0276 


1.1075 


3.7583 


7.9798 


13.772 


"/64 








.0324 


1.1368 


3.8120 


8.0580 


13.875 




V32 






.0376 


1.1665 


3.8662 


8.1368 


13.978 


15/64 








.0431 


1.1967 


3.9211 


8.2162 


14.082 








V'4 


.0491 


1.2272 


3.9761 


8.2958 


14.186 


"/64 








.0554 


1.2592 


4.0314 


8.3755 


14.290 




V32 






.0621 


1.2892 


4.0871 


8.4558 


14.395 


1V64 








.0692 


1.3209 


4.1431 


8.5364 


14.500 






Vl6 




.0767 


1.3530 


4.2000 


8.6179 


14.607 


2V64 








.0846 


1.3853 


4.2569 


8.6992 


14.712 




1V32 






.0928 


1.4189 


4.3141 


8.7810 


14.819 


2V64 








.1014 


1.4512 


4.3721 


8.8636 


14.926 








3/^ 


.1105 


1.4849 


4.4301 


8.9462 


15.033 


^Ve. 








.1199 


1.5187 


4.4884 


9.0290 


15.140 




"/3 2 






.1296 


1.5531 


4.5472 


9.1123 


15.248 


2V64 








.1398 


1.5878 


4.6064 


9.1960 


15.356 






Vl6 




.1503 


1.6230 


4.6664 


9.2806 


15.466 


2V64 








.1613 


1.6585 


4.7263 


9.3650 


15.574 




^32 






.1726 


1.6942 


4.7866 


9.4498 


15.684 


3V64 








.1842 


1.7305 


4.8477 


9.5355 


15.794 



69 



B r i d g- e p o r t , Connecticut 



69 



IN INCHES AND FRACTIONS OF INCHES ^ TORINO. 

by ^ths 



Fractions of Inch 



Diameters of Circles in Inches 



"/. 



^V» 



^Va 



Vi6 



Vi« 



Vi. 



19.635 
19.757 
19.881 
20.004 
20.129 
20.253 
20.378 
20.503 
20.629 
20.755 
20.881 
21.007 
21.135 
21.262 
21.390 
21.519 
21.648 
21.776 
21.905 
22.035 
22.166 
22.296 
22.427 
22.559 
22.691 
22.822 
22.955 
23.087 
23.221 
23.355 
23.488 
23.624 



28.274 
28.421 
28.569 
28.717 
28.866 
29.015 
29.164 
29.315 
29.465 
29.615 
29.766 
29.917 
30.069 
30.221 
30.373 
30.526 
30.680 
30.833 
30.986 
31.140 
31.296 
31.451 
31.606 
31.763 
31.919 
32.075 
32.232 
32.389 
32.548 
32.706 
32.864 
33.024 



38.485 
38.656 
38.828 
39.001 
39.175 
39.348 
39.522 
39.696 
39.871 
40.046 
40.221 
40.397 
40.547 
40.750 
40.927 
41.105 
41.282 



42.718 



50.265 



63.617 



51.849 



65.397 



53.456 



67.201 



55.088 



69.029 



















1 


70 Bridgeport 


Brass 


Company 7o| 


TABLE SHOWING AREAS OF CIRCLES FOR DIAMETERS 


Fractions of Inches 

MtoH 


Diameters of Circles in Inches 





1 


2 


3 


4 








V2 


.1964 


1.7671 


4.9087 


9.6211 


15.904 


33/e4 








.2087 


1.8041 


4.9701 


9.707 


16.015 




^V32 






.2217 


1.8415 


5.0320 


9.792 


16.125 


3V64 








.2349 


1.8793 


5.0942 


9.880 


16.237 


3V64 




Vl6 




.2485 


1.9175 


5.1572 


9.968 


16.349 








.2625 


1.9560 


5.2202 


10.055 


16.461 




1V32 






.2769 


1.9949 


5.2835 


10.143 


16.573 


^Ve. 








.2917 


2.0342 


5.3478 


10.232 


16.687 








Vs 


.3068 


2.0739 


5.4119 


10.321 


16.800 


«/6. 








.3223 


2.1140 


5.4764 


10.409 


16.914 




-V^32 






.3382 


2.1544 


5.5412- 


10.499 


17.027 


*V64 








.3537 


2.1952 


5.6066 


10.589 


17.142 






"/l6 




.3712 


2.2365 


5.6727 


10.680 


17.257 


^/e. 








.3883 


2.2781 


5.7387 


■ 10.770 


17.372 




2V32 






.4057 


2.3202 


5.8051 


10.861 


17.488 


^64 








.4236 


2.3625 


5.8723 


10.953 


17.604 








V4 


.4418 


2.4053 


5.9396 


11.045 


17.728 


*V64 








.4603 


2.4484 


6.0071 


11.137 


17.837 




^V32 






.4794 


2.4919 


6.0751 


11.229 


17.954 


"/64 








.4988 


2.5358 


6.1434 


11.322 


18.071 






^Vl6 




.5185 


2.5802 


6.2126 


11.416 


18.190 


SV64 








.5383 


2.6248 


6.2817 


11.509 


18.308 




2V32 






.5591 


2.6690 


6.3512 


11.60^ 


18.426 


5V64 








.5800 


2.7153 


6.4214 


11.698 


18.546 








Vs 


.6013 


2.7612 


6.4918 


11.793 


18.665 


"/64 








.6229 


2.8073 


6.5624 


11.888 


18.785 




^V32 






.6450 


2.8539 


6.6335 


11.984 


18.905 


^V64 








.6675 


2.9008 


6.7049 


12.080 


19.025 






Vx« 




.6903 


2.9483 


6.7771 


12.177 


19.147 


«Ve4 








.7135 


2.9960 


6.8493 


12.273 


19.268 




3V32 






.7371 


3.0441 


6.9218 


12.370 


19.390 


^3/64 








.7667 


3.0926 


6.9952 


12.468 


19.512 



71 



Bridgeport, Connecticut 



7]. 



IN INCHES AND FRACTIONS OF INCHES FROM 3^ TO M 



Fractions of Inches 

3_3 4-„ 63 
6 4 ^^ 6 4 



^64 
^64 
39/64 
«/64 
«/64 
^64 

«/64 
^V64 
53/64 
5V64 
"/64 
59/64 
^64 
«V64 



^V= 



^Va 



^Va. 



"/: 



=v. 



''/, 



^Vi 



Vl 



Diameters of Circles in Inches 



23.758 

23.893 

24.028 

24.152 

24.301 

24.438 

24.574 

24.713 

24.850 

24.988 

25.127 

25.265 

25.406 

25.545 

25.685 

25.826 

25.967 

26.108 

26.249 

26.391 

26.535 

26.677 

26.820 

26.965 

27.109 

27.253 

27.397 

27.542 

27.688 

27.834 

27.980 

28.127 



33.183 

33.343 

33.502 

33.663 

33.824 

33.985 

34.147 

34.309 

34.472 

34.634 

34.797 

34.960 

35.125 

35.289 

35.454 

35.619 

35.785 

35.950 

36.116 

36.283 

36.450 

36.618 

36.785 

36.954 

37.122 

37.291 

37.460 

37.629 

37.800 

37.971 

38.141 

38.313 



44.179 



45.664 



47.173 



56.745 



58.426 



48.707 



60.132 



61.862 



72 


Bridgeport Brass Company 72 


En 

o 
o 

O 

i 

s 

i 
i 

§ 
S 

1 

i 


t/3 

O 
c/5 

m 

^. 
II 

d 
O 


1 

A! 

H 


cs 


iC^r^— lOONCOt^lO-^r^CM— OOOt-NOiO'tCN^ 1 


o! Tt^ 0-- ^ O^ rc 00 ro 00 r^- 00 rrj 00 ro t- (>i r-^ CN t- fO f^ 1 

i-csnO— iioOtON<^00<>)t-—iNOOir>ONrt<OCOO 
-^tNCSr'J r^^TfTt* iOiOnOnO t-~t-0000 OOOsONr-" 'H 


s 


172.05 
215.06 
258.07 
301.09 
344.10 
387.11 
430.13 
473.14 
516.15 
559.16 
602.18 
645.19 
688.20 
731.21 
774.23 
817.24 
860.26 
903.26 
946.27 
989.29 



- 


164.57 
205.71 
246.86 
288.00 
329.14 
370.28 
411.43 
452.57 
493.71 
534.85 
575.99 
617.14 
658.28 
699.42 
740.56 
781.71 
822.86 
864.00 
905.14 


o 


157.09 
196.36 
235.63 
274.90 
314.18 
353.45 
392.72 
432.00 
471.27 
510.54 
549.81 
589.08 
628.36 
667.63 
706.90 
746.17 
785.45 
824.73 


o 


149.61 
187.01 
224.41 
261.82 
299.22 
336.62 
374.03 
411.43 
448.83 
486.23 
523.64 
561.04 
598.44 
635.84 
673.25 
710.65 
748.05 


\1N 
ON 


142.13 
177.66 
213.19 
248.73 
284.26 
319.79 
355.32 
390.85 
426.39 
461.92 
497.45 
532.98 
568.51 
604.06 
639.58 
675.11 


On 


134.65 
168.31 
202.97 
235.63 
269.30 
302.96 
336.62 
370.28 
403.94 
437.60 
471.27 
504.93 
538.59 
572.25 
605.92 


00 


127.17 
158.96 
190.75 
222.54 
254.34 
286.13 
317.92 
349.71 
381.50 
413.30 
445.09 
476.88 
508.67 
540.46 


00 


ON _ r^ lO 1- O <~^ 'i* NO 00 — 'rO lO 

*^. '^ '^. -^ ^ '^ '^l '^ R ^ ^ *? ^ ; ; : ; ; ; ; ; 

On- O^ O^ 0\ On- On- On" 0\ O^ 00 00 00 00 '• • • '.'■'.'■ '. 

.-H Tt t~- O r^ NO On CM lo 00 — ' .:j< r- 

— — — CN fv) r~i (N ro CO <n -^ 'i' -+ 


;i: 






<N d 00 NO -^ r4 d 00 NO Tt (^ d '.".'. t ■.:;■. '. 

— TtNOO^<N>oooO^ONOO^<^^ 




- 




104.7. 
130.9 
157. 0( 
183.2' 
209.4. 
235.6. 
261.8: 
288.0( 
314.15 
340.3( 
366.5^ 


NO 


97.25 
121.56 
145.87 
170.18 
194.49 
218.80 
243.11 
267.43 
291.74 
316.05 

...... 


NO 




89.7 
12.2 
34.6. 

157.0< 
79.5. 

201.9 

J46.8( 
>69.3( 




lO 




p^ r-j ro '^ "* lo iri NO '.'.'.'. t : : : t : ; t '. tl 






lO 




74.8 
93.5 
12.2 
30.9 
49.6 
68.3 
87.0 




5 




67.3: 
84.1( 
00.9f 
17.8: 
34.6. 
51.4{ 




'^ 




oooot-t-. NO • • • ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; : : 1 
o^ T^ o^ ^ ON - '• '• ■.::*. *. ; : ; ; t ; *. t II 






ro 




52.3( 
65.4. 
78.5^ 
91.6^ 




fO 




00-<fO 

TiiNOt^ : : : : : : : : : : : : : •.::•. : 






CN 




^!5 : t : : : : t : : i : : : ; : : : : : 










NONO NONO NONO NONO NON© 


CNCSroro -*-t<'OiO NONOr-«-. OOOOOnOn OO'^— (N 



73 



Bridgeport, Connecticut 



73 



^ 


TABLE SHOWING POUND EQUIVALENTS IN ||| 




KILOGRAMS 








1 

1 


Kilo- 
grams. 


1 

26 


Kilo- 
grams. 




Kilo- 
grams. 


76 


Kilo- 1 
grams. ||{ 


.4535 


11 .7910 


51 


23 .1285 


34 


.4660 


2 


.9070 


27 


12 .2445 


52 


23 .5820 


77 


34 


.9195 


3 


1 .3605 


28 


12 .6980 


53 


24 .0355 


78 


35 


.3730 


4 


1 .8140 


29 


13 .1515 


54 


24 .4890 


79 


35 


.8265 


5 


2 .2675 


30 


13 .6050 


55 


24 .9425 


80 


36 


.28 


6 


2 .7210 


31 


14 .0585 


56 


25 .3960 


81 


36 


.7335 


7 


3 .1745 


32 


14 .5120 


57 


25 .8495 


82 


37 


.1870 


8 


3 .6280 


33 


14 .9655 


58 


26 .3030 


83 


37 


.6405 


9 


4 .0815 


34 


15 .4190 


59 


26 .7565 


84 


38 


.0940 


10 


4 .5350 


35 


15 .8725 


60 


27 .21 


85 


38 


.5475 


11 


4 .9885 


36 


16 .3260 


61 


27 .6635 


86 


39 


.0010 


12 


5 .4420 


37 


16 .7795 


62 


28 .1170 


87 


39 


.4545 


13 


5 .8955 


38 


17 .2330 


63 


28 .5705 


88 


39 


.9080 


14 


6 .3490 


39 


17 .6865 


64 


29 .0240 


89 


40 


.3615 


15 


6 .8025 


40 


18 .14 


65 


29 .4775 


90 


40 


.8150 


16 


7 .2560 


41 


18 .5935 


66 


29 .9310 


91 


41 


.2685 


17 


7 .7095 


42 


19 .0470 


67 


30 .3845 


92 


41 


.7220 


18 


8 .1630 


43 


19 .5005 


68 


30 .8380 


93 


42 


.1755 


19 


8 .6165 


44 


19 .9540 


69 


31 .2915 


94 


42 


.6290 


20 


9 .07 


45 


20 .4075 


70 


31 .7450 


95 


43 


.0825 


21 


9 .5235 


46 


20 .8610 


71 


32 .1985 


96 


43 


.5360 


22 


9 .9770 


47 


21 .3145 


72 


32 .6520 


97 


43 


.9895 


23 


10 .4305 


48 


21 .7680 


73 


33 .1055 


98 


44 


.4430 


24 


10 .8840 


49 


22 .2215 


74 


33 .5590 


99 


44 


.8965 


25 


11 .3375 


50 


22 .6750 


75 


34 .0125 


100 


45 


.35 




Metric aod English Measures 


: 








To convert millimeters into inches, multiply bj 


r.039 


37. 






To convert meters* into inches (or millimet 
multiply by 39.37. 


ers in 


mil 


s). 




To convert meters into feet, multiply by 3. 8 1 . 










To convert meters into yards, multiply by 1 .09 


4. 








To convert kilometers into statute miles, mult 


ply by 


.6214. 




To convert kilc 


meters into nautical miles, mul 


tiply I 
consi 


)y.539. 
iered as 


* For the purpc 
hree feet three inc 


)se of memor 
hesandathi 


y, a 

rd. 


-neter may be 



74 


Bridgeport B 


r a s s C 


o m p a n 


V 74 


TABLE SHOWING AREAS OF CIRCLES FOR DIAM- 1 


ETERS IN INCHES AND DECIMALS OF INCHES, ||| 


0.1 TO 10.0 INCHES 












Advancing by 0.1 






Diameter 


Area 


Circumfer- 
ence 


Diameter 


Area 


Circumfer- 
ence 


0.1 


.007854 


.31416 


4.0 


12.5664 


12.5664 


.2 


.031416 


.62832 


.1 


13.2025 


12.8805 


.3 


.070686 


.94248 


.2 


13.8544 


13.1947 


.4 


.12566 


1.2566 


.3 


14.5220 


13.5088 


.5 


.19635 


1.5708 


.4 


15.2053 


13.8230 


.6 


.28274 


1.8850 


.5 


15.9043 


14.1372 


.7 


.38485 


2.1991 


.6 


16.6190 


14.4513 


.8 


.50266 


2.5133 


.7 


17.3494 


14.7655 


.9 


.63617 


2.8274 


.8 


18.0956 


15.0796 


1.0 


.7854 


3.1416 


.9 


18.8574 


15.3938 


.1 


.9503 


3.4558 


5.0 


19.6350 


15.7080 


.2 


1.1310 


3.7699 


.1 


20.4282 


16.0221 


.3 


1.3273 


4.0841 


.2 


21.2372 


16.3363 


A 


1.5394 


4.3982 


.3 


22.0618 


16.6504 








.4 


22.9022 


16.9646 


.5 
.6 
.7 
.8 
.9 


1.7671 
2.0106 
2.2698 
2.5447 
2.8353 


4.7128 
5.0265 
5.3407 
5.6549 
5.9690 


.5 
.6 
.7 
.8 
.9 


23.7583 
24.6301 
25.5176 
26.4208 
27.3397 


17.2788 
17.5929 
17.9071 
18.2212 
18.5354 


2.0 


3.1416 


6.2832 


6.0 


28.2743 


18.8496 


.1 


3.4636 


6.5973 


.1 


29.2247 


19.1637 


.2 


3.8013 


6.9115 


.2 


30.1907 


19.4779 


.3 
.4 


4.1548 
4.5239 


7.2257 
7.5398 


.3 
.4 


31.1725 
32.1699 


19.7920 
20.1062 


.5 


4.9087 


7.8540 


.5 


33.1831 


20.4204 


.6 


5.3093 


8.1681 


.6 


34.2119 


20.7345 


.7 


5.7256 


8.4823 


.7 


35.2565 


21.0487 


.8 


6.1575 


8.7965 


.8 


36.3168 


21.3628 


.9 


6.6052 


9.1106 


.9 


37.3928 


21.6770 


3.0 


7.0686 


9.4248 


7.0 


38.4845 


21.9911 


.1 


7.5477 


9.7398 


.1 


39.5919 


22.3053 


.2 


8.0425 


10.0531 


.2 


40.7150 


22.6195 


.3 


8.5530 


10.3673 


.3 


41.8539 


22.9336 


.4 


9.0792 


10.6814 


.4 


43.0084 


23.2478 


.5 


9.6211 


10.9956 


.5 


44.1786 


23.5619 


.6 


10.1788 


11.3097 


.6 


45.3646 


23.8761 


.7 


10.7521 


11.6239 


.7 


46.5663 


24.1903 


.8 


11.3411 


11.9381 


.8 


47.7836 


24.5044 


.9 


11.9459 


12.2522 


.9 


49.0167 


24.8186 



75 


Bridgeport, 


Conn 


e c t i c u t 


75 


TABLE SHOWING AREAS OF CIRCLES FOR DIAM- 
ETERS IN INCHES AND DECIMALS OF INCHES, 
0.1 TO 10.0 INCHES— {Continued.) 

Advancing by 0.1 


Diameter 


Area 


Circumfer- 
ence 


Diameter 


Area 


Circumfer- 
ence 


8.0 

.2 
.3 
.4 
.5 
.6 
.7 
.8 
.9 


50.2655 
51.5300 
52.8102 
54.1061 
55.4177 
56.7450 
58.0880 
59.4468 
60.8212 
62.2114 


25.1327 
25.4469 
25.7611 
26.0752 
26.3894 
26.7035 
27.0177 
27.3319 
27.6460 
27.9602 


9.0 
.1 

.2 
.3 
•4 
.5 
.6 
.7 
.8 
.9 


63.6173 
65.0388 
66.4761 
67.9291 
69.3978 
70.8822 
72.3823 
73.8981 
75.4296 
76.9769 


28.2743 
28.5885 
28.9027 
29.2168 
29.5310 
29.8451 
30.1593 
30.4734 
30.7876 
31.1018 



AREAS, ETC., OF REGULAR POLYGONS 



I 



Name 


rea when 
ameter of 
scribed 
rcle = 1 




<^.Su 


Triangle... 


1.299 


Square .... 


1.000 


Pentag .... 


.908 


Hexag 


.866 


Heptag 


.843 


Octag 


.828 


Nonag 


.819 


Decag 


.812 


Undecag. . . 


.807 


Dodecag... 


.804 



•€ II 






O, 3- 



I ~ c 1-5 3-0 

' O h J3 -H 'c" "3 C 

!i § ^' s c 3 0. 

""J ^ o u 



0.433 
1.000 
1.720; 
2.598 
3.634] 
4.828 
6.182 
7.694 
9.366 
11.196 



3.464 

2.000 

1.453 

1.155 

.963 

.828 

.728 

.650 

.587 

.536 



0.289 
0.500 
0.688 
0.866 
1.039 
1.207 
1.374 
1.539 
1.703 
1.866 



.577 
.707 
.851 
1.000 
1.152 
1.307 
1.462 
1.618 
1.775 
1.932 



1.732 

1.414 

1.176 

1.000 

.868 

.765 

.684 

.618 

.563 

.518 



Area of any regular polygon = Radius of inscribed circle 
X number of sides X length of one side -^ 2. 



76 


B r i d g- e p o r t Brass C 


o m p a n 


y 76 


CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLES ||| 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area 


Inches. 


ference. 


Sq. Inches. 


Inches 


ference 


Sq. Inches. 


1 


3.1416 


0.7854 


66 


207.34 


3421.19 


2 


6.2832 


3.1416 


67 


210.49 


3525.65 


3 


9.4248 


7.0686 


68 


213.63 


3631.68 


4 


12.5664 


12.5664 


69 


216.77 


3739.28 


5 


15.7080 


19.635 


70 


219.91 


3848.45 


6 


18.850 


28.274 


71 


223.05 


3959.19 


7 


21.991 


38.485 


72 


226.19 


4071.50 


8 


25.133 


50.266 


73 


229 34 


4185.39 


9 


28.274 


63.617 


74 


232.48 


4300.84 


10 


31.416 


78.540 


75 


235.62 


4417.86 


11 


34.558 


95.033 


76 


238.76 


4536.46 


12 


37.699 


113.10 


77 


241.90 


4656.63 


13 


40.841 


132.73 


78 


245.04 


4778.36 


14 


43.982 


153.94 


79 


248.19 


4901.67 


15 


47. 124 


176.71 


80 


251.33 


5026.55 


16 


50.265 


201.06 


81 


254.47 


5153.00 


17 


53.407 


226.98 


82 


257.61 


5281.02 


18 


56.549 


254.47 


83 


260.75 


5410.61 


19 


59.690 


283.53 


84 


263.89 


5541.77 


20 


62.832 


314.16 


85 


267.04 


5674.50 


21 


65.973 


346.36 


86 


270.18 


5808.80 


22 


69.115 


380.13 


87 


273.32 


5944.68 


23 


72.257 


415.48 


88 


276.46 


6082.12 


24 


75.398 


452.39 


89 


279.60 


6221.14 


25 


78.540 


490.87 


90 


282.74 


6361.73 


26 


81.681 


530.93 


91 


285.88 


6503.88 


27 


84.823 


572.56 


92 


289.03 


6647.61 


28 


87.965 


615.75 


93 


292.17 


6792.91 


29 


91.106 


660.52 


94 


295.31 


6939.78 


30 


94.248 


706.86 


95 


298.45 


7088.22 


31 


97.389 


754.77 


96 


301.59 


7238.23 


32 


100.53 


804.25 


97 


304.73 


7389.81 


33 


103.67 


855.30 


98 


307.88 


7542.96 


34 


106.81 


907.92 


99 


311.02 


7697.69 


35 


109.96 


962.11 


100 


314.16 


7853.98 


36 


113.10 


1017.88 


101 


317.30 


8011.85 


37 


116.24 


1075.21 


102 


320.44 


8171.28 


38 


119.38 


1134.11 


103 


323.58 


8332.29 


39 


122.52 


1194.59 


104 


326.73 


8494.87 


40 


125.66 


1256.64 


105 


329.87 


8659.01 


41 


128.81 


1320.25 


106 


333.01 


8824.73 


42 


131.95 


1385.44 


107 


336.15 


8992.02 


43 


135.09 


1452.20 


108 


339.29 


9160.88 


44 


138.23 


1520.53 


109 


342.43 


9331.32 1 


45 


141.37 


1590.43 


110 


345.58 


9503.32 


46 


144.51 


1661.90 


111 


348.72 


9676.89 


47 


147.65 


1734.94 


112 


351.86 


9852.03 


48 


150.80 


1809.56 


113 


355.00 


10028.75 


49 


153.94 


1885.74 


114 


358.14 


10207.03 


50 


157.08 


1963.50 


115 


361.28 


10386.89 


51 


160.22 


2042.82 


116 


364.42 


10568.32 


52 


163.36 


2123.72 


117 


367.57 


10751.32 


53 


166.50 


2206.18 


118 


370.71 


10935.88 


54 


169.65 


2290.22 


119 


373.85 


11122.02 


55 


172,79 


2375.83 


120 


376.99 


11309.73 


56 


175.93 


2463.01 


121 


380.13 


11499.01 


57 


179.07 


2551.76 


122 


383.27 


11689.87 


58 


182.21 


2642.08 


123 


386.42 


11882.29 


59 


185.35 


2733.97 


124 


389.56 


12076.28 


60 


188.50 


2827.43 


125 


392.70 


12271.85 


61 


191.64 


2922.47 


126 


395.84 


12468.98 


62 


194.78 


3019.07 


127 


398.98 


12667.69 


63 


197.92 


3117.25 


128 


402.12 


12867.96 


64 


201.06 


3216.99 


129 


405.27 


13069.81 


^ 


204.20 


3318.31 


130 


408.41 


13273.23 



77 


Bridgeport, 


Conn 


e c t i c u 


t 77 


CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLES \ 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area 


Inches. 


ference. 


Sq. Inches. 


Inches 


ference. 


Sq. Inches. 


131 


411.55 


13478.22 


196 


615.75 


30171.86 


132 


414.69 


13684.78 


197 


618.89 


30480.52 


133 


417.83 


13892.91 


198 


622.04 


30790.75 


134 


420.97 


14102.61 


199 


625.18 


31102.55 


135 


424.12 


14313.88 


200 


628.32 


31415.93 


136 


427.26 


14526.72 


201 


631.46 


31730.87 


137 


430 40 


14741.14 


202 


634.60 


32047.39 


138 


433.54 


14957.12 


203 


637.74 


32365.47 


139 


436.68 


15174.68 


204 


640.88 


32585.13 


140 


439.82 


15393.80 


205 


644.03 


33006.36 


141 


442.96 


15614.50 


206 


647.17 


33329.16 


142 


446. 11 


15836.77 


207 


650.31 


33653 53 


143 


449.25 


16060.61 


208 


653.45 


33979.47 


144 


452.39 


16286.02 


209 


656.59 


34306.98 


145 


455.53 


16513.00 


210 


659.73 


34636.06 


146 


458.67 


16741.55 


211 


662.88 


34966.71 


147 


461.81 


16971.67 


212 


666.02 


35298.94 


148 


464.96 


17203.36 


213 


669.16 


35632.73 


149 


468.10 


17436.62 


214 


672.30 


35968.09 


150 


471.24 


17671.46 


215 


675.44 


36305.03 


151 


474.38 


17907.86 


216 


678.58 


36643.54 


152 


477.52 


18145.84 


217 


681.73 


36983.61 


153 


480.66 


18385.39 


218 


684.87 


37325.26 


154 


483.81 


18626.50 


219 


688.01 


37668.48 


155 


486.95 


18869.19 


220 


691.15 


38013.27 


156 


490.09 


19113.45 


221 


694.29 


38359.63 


157 


493.23 


19359.28 


222 


697.43 


38707.56 


158 


496.37 


19606.68 


223 


700.58 


39057.07 


159 


499.51 


19855.65 


224 


703.72 


39408.14 


160 


502.65 


20106.19 


225 


706.86 


39760.78 


161 


505.80 


20358.31 


226 


710.00 


40115.00 


162 


508.94 


20611.99 


227 


713.14 


40470.78 


163 


512.08 


20867.24 


228 


716.28 


40828.14 


164 


515.22 


21124.07 


229 


719.42 


41187.07 


165 


518.36 


21382.46 


230 


722.57 


41547.56 


166 


521.50 


21642.43 


231 


725.71 


41909.63 


167 


524.65 


21903.97 


232 


728.85 


42273.27 


168 


527.79 


22167.08 


233 


731.99 


42638.48 


169 


530.93 


22431.76 


234 


735.13 


43005.26 


170 


534.07 


22698.01 


235 


738.27 


43373.61 


171 


537.21 


22965.83 


236 


741.42 


43743.54 


172 


540.35 


23235.22 


237 


744.56 


44115.03 


173 


543.50 


23506.18 


238 


747.70 


44488.09 


174 


546.64 


23778.71 


239 


750.84 


44862.73 


175 


549.78 


24052.82 


240 


753.98 


45238.93 


176 


552.92 


24328.49 


241 


757.12 


45616.71 


177 


556.06 


24605.74 


242 


760.27 


45996.06 


178 


559.20 


24884.56 


243 


763.41 


46376.98 


179 


562.35 


25164.94 


244 


766.55 


46759.47 


180 


565.49 


25446.90 


245 


769.69 


47143.52 


181 


568.63 


25730.43 


246 


772.83 


47529.16 


182 


571.77 


26015.53 


247 


775.97 


47916.36 


183 


574.91 


26302.20 


248 


779.11 


48305.13 


184 


578.05 


26590.44 


249 


782.26 


48695.47 


185 


581.19 


26880.25 


250 


785.40 


49087.39 


186 


584.34 


27171.63 


251 


788.54 


49480.87 


187 


587.48 


27464.59 


252 


791.68 


49875.92 


188 


590.62 


27759.11 


253 


794.82 


50272.55 


189 


593.76 


28055.21 


254 


797.96 


50670.75 


190 


596.90 


28352.87 


255 


801.11 


51070.52 


191 


600.04 


28652.11 


256 


804.25 


51471.85 


192 


603.19 


28952.92 


257 


807.39 


51874.76 


193 


606.33 


29255.30 


258 


810.53 


52279.24 


194 


609.47 


29559.25 


259 


813.67 


52685.29 


195 


612.61 


29864.77 


260 


816.81 


53092.92 



Bridgeport Brass Company 



CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLE 



Diam 
Inches. 



261 
262 
263 
264 
265 
266 
267 
268 
269 
270 
271 
272 
273 
274 
275 
276 
277 
278 
279 
280 
281 
282 
283 
284 
285 
286 
287 
288 
289 
290 
291 
292 
293 
294 
295 
296 
297 
298 
299 
300 
301 
302 
303 
304 
305 
306 
307 
308 
309 
310 
311 
312 
313 
314 
315 
316 
317 
318 
319 
320 
321 
322 
323 
324 
325 



Circum- 
ference. 



Area 
Sq. Inches. 



819.96 
823.10 
826.24 
829.38 
832.52 
835.66 
838.81 
841.95 
845.09 
848.23 
851.37 
854.51 
857.65 
860.80 
863.94 
867.08 
870.22 
873.36 
876.50 
879.65 
882 79 
885.93 
889.07 
892.21 
895.35 
898.50 
901.64 
904.78 
907.92 
911.06 
914.20 
917.35 
920.49 
923.63 
926.77 
929.91 
933.05 
936.19 
939.34 
942.48 
945.62 
948.76 
951.90 
955.04 
958.19 
961.33 
964.47 
967.61 
970.75 
973.89 
977.04 
980.18 
983.32 
986.46 
989.60 
992.74 
995.88 
999.03 
1002.17 
1005.31 
1008.45 
1011.59 
1014.73 
1017.88 
1021.02 



53502.11 
53912.87 
54325.21 
54739.11 
55154.59 
55571.63 
55990.25 
56410.44 
56832.20 
57255.53 
57680.43 
58106.90 
58534.94 
58964.55 
59395.74 
59828.49 
60262.82 
60698.71 
61136. 18 
61575.22 
62015.82 
62458.00 
62901.75 
63347.07 
63793.97 
64242.43 
64692.46 
65144.07 
65597.24 
66051.99 
66508.30 
66966.19 
67425.65 
67886.68 
68349.28 
68813.45 
69279.19 
69746.50 
70215.38 
70685.83 
71157.86 
71631.45 
72106.62 
72583.36 
73061.66 
73541.54 
74022.99 
74506.01 
74990.60 
75476.76 
75964.50 
76453.80 
76944.67 
77437.12 
77931.13 
78426.72 
78923.88 
79422.60 
79922.90 
80424.77 
80928.21 
81433.22 
81939.80 
82447.96 
82957.68 



Diam. Circum- Area 
Inches ference Sq. Inches. 



326 


1024. 16 


83468.98 


327 


1027.30 


83981.84 


328 


1030.44 


84496.28 


329 


1033.58 


85012.28 


330 


1036.73 


85529.86 


331 


1039.87 


86049.01 


332 


1043.01 


86569.73 


Zi3, 


1046.15 


87092.02 


334 


1049.29 


87615.88 


335 


1052.43 


88141.31 


336 


1055.58 


88668.31 


337 


1058.72 


89196.88 


338 


1061.86 


89727.03 


339 


1065.00 


90258.74 


340 


1068.14 


90792.03 


341 


1071.28 


91326.88 


342 


1074.42 


91863.31 


343 


1077.57 


92401.31 


344 


1080.71 


92940.88 


345 


1083.85 


93482.02 


346 


1086.99 


94024.73 


347 


1090.13 


94569.01 


348 


1093.27 


95114.86 


349 


1096.42 


95662.28 


350 


1099.56 


96211.28 


351 


1102.70 


96761.84 


352 


1105.84 


97313.97 


353 


1108.98 


97867.68 


354 


1112.12 


98422.96 


355 


1115.27 


98979.80 


356 


1118.41 


99538.22 


357 


1121.55 


100098.21 


358 


1124.69 


100659.77 


359 


1127.83 


101222.90 


360 


1130.97 


101787.60 


361 


1134.11 


102353.87 


362 


1137.26 


102921.72 


363 


1140.40 


103491.13 


364 


1143.54 


104062.12 


365 


1146.68 


104634.67 


366 


1149.82 


105208.80 


367 


1152.96 


105784.49 


368 


1156. 11 


106361.76 


369 


1159.2.5 


106940.60 


370 


1162.39 


107521.01 


371 


1165.53 


108102.99 


372 


1168.67 


108686.54 


373 


1171.81 


109271.66 


374 


1174.96 


109858.35 


375 


1178.10 


110446.62 


376 


1181.24 


111036.45 


377 


1184.38 


111627.86 


378 


1187.52 


112220.83 


379 


1190.66 


112815.38 


380 


1193.81 


113411.49 


381 


1196.95 


114009.18 


382 


1200.09 


114608.44 


383 


1203.23 


115209.27 


384 


1206.37 


115811.67 


385 


1209.51 


116415.64 


386 


1212.65 


117021.18 


387 


1215.80 


117628.30 


388 


1218.94 


118236.98 


389 


1222.08 


118847.24 


390 


1225.22 


119459.06 



79 


Bridgeport, 


Connecticu 


t 79 


CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLES \\ 


Diam 


Circum- 


Area 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area 


Inches 


. ference. 


Sq. Inches. 


Inches 


ference. 


Sq. Inches. 


391 


1228.36 


120072.46 


456 


1432.57 


163312.55 


392 


1231.50 


120687.42 


457 


1435.71 


164029.62 


393 


1234.65 


121303.96 


458 


1438.85 


164748.26 


394 


1237.79 


121922.07 


459 


1441.99 


165468.47 


395 


1240.93 


122541.75 


460 


1445.13 


166190.25 


396 


1244.07 


123163.00 


461 


1448.27 


166913.60 


397 


1247.21 


123785.82 


462 


1451.42 


167638.53 


398 


1250.35 


124410.21 


463 


1454.56 


168365.02 


399 


1253.50 


125036.17 


464 


1457.70 


169093.08 


400 


1256.64 


125663.71 


465 


1460.84 


169822.72 


401 


1259.78 


126292.81 


466 


1463.98 


170553.92 


402 


1262.92 


126923.48 


467 


1467. 12 


171286.70 


403 


1266.06 


127555.73 


468 


1470.27 


172021.05 


404 


1269.20 


128189.55 


469 


1473.41 


172756.97 


405 


1272.35 


128824.93 


470 


1476.55 


173494.45 


406 


1275.49 


129461.89 


471 


4179.69 


174233.51 


407 


1278.63 


130100.42 


472 


1482.83 


174974.14 


408 


1281.77 


130740.52 


473 


1485.97 


175716.35 


409 


1284.91 


131382.19 


474 


1489.11 


176460.12 


410 


1288.05 


132025.43 


475 


1492.26 


177205.46 


411 


1291. 19 


132670.24 


476 


1495.40 


177952.37 


412 


1294.34 


133316.63 


477 


1498.54 


178700.86 


413 


1297.48 


133964.58 


478 


1501.68 


179450.91 


414 


1300.62 


134614. 10 


479 


1504.82 


180202.54 


415 


1303.76 


135265.20 


480 


1507.96 


180955.74 


416 


1306.90 


135917.86 


481 


1511.11 


181710.50 


417 


1310.04 


136572.10 


482 


1514.25 


182466.84 


418 


1313.19 


137227.91 


483 


1517.39 


183224.75 


419 


1316.33 


137885.29 


484 


1520.53 


183984.23 


420 


1319.47 


138544.24 


485 


1523.67 


184745.28 


421 


1322.61 


139204.76 


486 


1526.81 


185507.90 


422 


1325.75 


139866.85 


487 


1529.96 


186272.10 


423 


1328.89 


140530.51 


488 


1533.10 


187037.86 


424 


1332.04 


141195.74 


489 


1536.24 


187805. 19 


425 


1335.18 


141862.54 


490 


1539.38 


188574.10 


426 


1338.32 


142530.92 


491 


1542.52 


189344.57 


427 


1341.46 


143200.86 


492 


1545.66 


190116.62 


428 


1344.60 


143872.38 


493 


1548.81 


190890.24 


429 


1347.74 


144545.46 


494 


1551.95 


191665 43 


430 


1350.88 


145220.12 


495 


1555.09 


192442.18 


431 


1354.03 


145896.35 


496 


1558.23 


193220.51 


432 


1357.17 


146574.15 


497 


1561.37 


194000.41 


433 


1360.31 


147253.52 


498 


1564.51 


194781.89 


434 


1363.45 


147934.46 


499 


1567.65 


195564.93 


435 


1366.59 


148616.97 


500 


1570.80 


196349.54 


436 


1369.73 


149301.05 


501 


1573.94 


197135.72 


437 


1372.88 


149986.70 


502 


1577.08 


197923.48 


438 


1376.02 


150673.93 


503 


1580.22 


198712.80 


439 


1379.16 


151362.72 


504 


1583.36 


199503.70 


440 


1382.30 


152053.08 


505 


1586.50 


200296.17 


441 


1385.44 


152745.02 


506 


1589.65 


201090.20 


442 


1388.58 


153438.53 


507 


1592.79 


201885.81 


443 


1391.73 


154133.60 


508 


1595.93 


202682.99 


444 


1394.87 


154830.25 


509 


1599.07 


203481.74 


445 


1398.01 


155528.47 


510 


1602.21 


204282.06 


446 


1401. 15 


156228.26 


511 


1605.35 


205083.95 


447 


1404.29 


156929.62 


512 


1608.50 


205887.42 


448 


1407.43 


157632.55 


513 


1611.64 


206692.45 


449 


1410.58 


158337.06 


514 


1614.78 


207499.05 


450 


1413.72 


159043.13 


515 


1617.92 


208307.23 


451 


1416.86 


159750.77 


516 


1621.06 


209116.97 


452 


1420.00 


160459.99 


517 


1624.20 


209928.29 


453 


1423.14 


161170.77 


518 


1627.34 


210741.18 


454 


1426.28 


161883.13 


519 


1630.49 


211555.63 


.. 


1429.42 


162597.05 


520 


1633.63 


212371.66 



80 


Bridgeport B 


rass Company 80 


CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLES || 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area 


Inches. 


ference. 


Sq. Inches. 


Inches. 


ference. 


Sq. Inches. 


521 


1636.77 


213189.26 


586 


1840.97 


269702.59 


522 


1639.91 


214008.43 


587 


1844.11 


270623.86 


523 


1643.05 


214829.17 


588 


1847.26 


271546.70 


524 


1646.19 


215651.49 


589 


1850.40 


272471.12 


525 


1649.34 


216475.37 


590 


1853.54 


273397.10 


526 


1652.48 


217300.82 


591 


1856.68 


274324.66 


527 


1655.62 


218127.85 


592 


1859.82 


275253.78 


528 


1658.76 


218956.44 


593 


1862.96 


276184.48 


529 


1661.90 


219786.61 


594 


1866. 11 


277116.75 


530 


1665.04 


220618.34 


595 


1869.25 


278050.58 


531 


1668.19 


221451.65 


596 


1872.39 


278985.99 


532 


1671.33 


222286.53 


597 


1875.53 


279922.97 


533 


1674.47 


223122.98 


598 


1878.67 


280861.52 


534 


1677.61 


223961.00 


599 


1881.81 


281801.65 


535 


1680.75 


224800.59 


600 


1884.96 


282743.34 


536 


1683.89 


225641.75 


601 


1888.10 


283686.60 


537 


1687.04 


226484.48 


602 


1891.24 


284631.44 


538 


1690.18 


227328.79 


603 


1894.38 


285577.84 


539 


1693.32 


228174.66 


604 


1897.52 


286525.82 


540 


1696.46 


229022.10 


605 


1900.66 


287475.36 


541 


1699.60 


229871.12 


606 


1903.81 


288426.48 


542 


1702.74 


230721.71 


607 


1906.95 


289379.17 


543 


1705.88 


231573.86 


608 


1910.09 


290333.43 


544 


1709.03 


232427.59 


609 


1913.23 


291289.26 


545 


1712.17 


233282.89 


610 


1916.37 


292246.66 


546 


1715.31 


234139.76 


611 


1919.51 


293205.63 


547 


1718.45 


234998.20 


612 


1922.65 


294166.17 


548 


1721.59 


235858.21 


613 


1925.80 


295128.28 


549 


1724.73 


236719.79 


614 


1928.94 


296091.97 


550 


1727.88 


237582.94 


615 


1932.08 


297057.22 


551 


1731.02 


238447.67 


616 


1935.22 


298024.05 


552 


1734.16 


239313.96 


617 


1938.36 


298992.44 


553 


1737.30 


240181.83 


618 


1941.50 


299962.41 


554 


1740.44 


241051.26 


619 


1944.65 


300933.95 


555 


1743.58 


241922.27 


620 


1947.79 


301907.05 


556 


1746.73 


242794.85 


621 


1950.93 


302881.73 


557 


1749.87 


243668.99 


622 


1954.07 


303857.98 


558 


1753.01 


244544.71 


623 


1957.21 


304835.80 


559 


1756.15 


245422.00 


624 


1960.35 


305815.20 


560 


1759.29 


246300.86 


625 


1963.50 


306796.16 


561 


1762.43 


247181.30 


626 


1966.64 


307778.69 


562 


1765.58 


248063.30 


627 


1969.78 


308762.79 


563 


1768.72 


248946.87 


628 


1972.92 


309748.47 


564 


1771.86 


249832.01 


629 


1976.06 


310735.71 


565 


1775.00 


250718.73 


630 


1979.20 


311724.53 


566 


1778.14 


251607.01 


631 


1982.35 


312714.92 


567 


1781.28 


252496.87 


632 


1985.49 


313706.88 


568 


1784.42 


253388.30 


633 


1988.63 


314700.40 


569 


1787.57 


254281.29 


634 


1991.77 


315695.50 


570 


1790.71 


255175.86 


635 


1994.91 


316692.17 


571 


1793.85 


256072.00 


636 


1998.05 


317690.42 


572 


1796.99 


256969.71 


637 


2001.19 


318690.23 


573 


1800.13 


257868.99 


638 


2004.34 


319691.61 


574 


1803.27 


258769.85 


639 


2007.48 


320694.56 


575 


1806.42 


259672.27 


640 


2010.62 


321699.09 


576 


1809.56 


260576.26 


641 


2013.76 


322705.18 


577 


1812.70 


261481.83 


642 


2016.90 


323712.85 


578 


1815.84 


262388.96 


643 


2020.04 


324722.09 


579 


1818.98 


263297.67 


644 


2023.19 


325732.89 


580 


1822.12 


264207.94 


645 


2026.33 


326745.27 


581 


1825.27 


265119.79 


646 


2029.47 


327759.22 


582 


1828.41 


266033.21 


647 


2032.61 


328774.74 


583 


1831.55 


266948.20 


648 


2035.75 


329791.83 


584 


1834.69 


267864.76 


649 


2038.89 


330810.49 


585 


1837.83 


268782.89 


650 


2042.04 


331830.72 



81 


Bridgeport, 


Connecticut 81 


CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLES || 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area 


Inches 


ference. 


Sq. Inches. 


Inches 


ference 


Sq. Inches.- 


651 


2045.18 


332852.53 


716 


2249.38 


402639.08 


652 


2048.32 


333875.90 


717 


2252.52 


403764.56 


653 


2051.46 


334900.85 


718 


2255.66 


404891.60 


654 


2054.60 


335927.36 


719 


2258.81 


406020.22 


655 


2057.74 


336955.45 


720 


2261.95 


407150.41 


656 


206P.88 


337985.10 


721 


2265.09 


408282.17 


657 


2064.03 


339016.33 


722 


2268.23 


409415.50 


658 


2067.17 


340049.13 


723 


2271.37 


410550.40 


659 


2070.31 


341083.50 


724 


2274.51 


411686.87 


660 


2073.45 


312119.44 


725 


2277.65 


412824.91 


661 


2076.59 


343156.95 


726 


2280.80 


413964.52 


662 


2079.73 


344196.03 


727 


2283.94 


415105.71 


663 


2082.88 


345236.69 


728 


2287.08 


416248.46 


664 


2086.02 


346278.91 


729 


2290.22 


417392.79 


665 


2089.16 


347322.70 


730 


2293.36 


418538.68 


666 


2092.30 


348368.07 


731 


2296.50 


419686.15 


667 


2095.44 


349415.00 


732 


2299.65 


420835.19 


668 


2098.58 


350463.51 


733 


2302.79 


421985.79 


669 


2101.73 


351513.59 


734 


2305.93 


423137.97 


670 


2104.87 


352565.24 


735 


2309.07 


424291.72 


671 


2108.01 


353618.45 


736 


2312.21 


425447.04 


672 


2111.15 


354673.24 


737 


2315.35 


426603.94 


673 


2114.29 


355729.60 


738 


2318.50 


427762.40 


674 


2117.43 


356787.54 


739 


2321.64 


428922.43 


675 


2120.58 


357847.04 


740 


2324.78 


430084.03 


676 


2123.72 


358908. 11 


741 


2327.92 


431247.21 


677 


2126.86 


359970.75 


742 


2331.06 


432411.95 


678 


2130.00 


361034.97 


743 


2334.20 


433578.27 


679 


2133.14 


362100.75 


744 


2337.34 


434746.16 


680 


2136.28 


363168.11 


745 


2340.49 


435915.62 


681 


2139.42 


364237.04 


746 


2343.63 


437086.64 


682 


2142.57 


365307.54 


747 


2346.77 


438259.24 


683 


2145.71 


366379.60 


748 


2349.91 


439433.41 


684 


2148.85 


367453.24 


749 


2353.05 


440609. 16 


685 


2151.99 


368528.45 


750 


2356.19 


441786.47 


686 


2155.13 


369605.23 


751 


2359.34 


442965.35 


687 


2158.27 


370683.59 


752 


2362.48 


444145.80 


688 


2161.42 


371763.51 


753 


2365.62 


445327.83 


689 


2164.56 


372845.00 


754 


2368.76 


446511.42 


690 


2167.70 


373928.07 


755 


2371.90 


447696.59 


691 


2170.84 


375012.70 


756 


2375.04 


448883.32 


692 


2173.98 


376098.91 


757 


2378.19 


450071.63 


693 


2177.12 


377186.68 


758 


2381.33 


451261.51 


694 


2180.27 


378276.03 


759 


2384.47 


452452.96 


695 


2183.41 


379366.95 


760 


2387.61 


453645.98 


696 


2186.55 


380459.44 


761 


2390.75 


454840.57 


697 


2189.69 


381553.50 


762 


2393.89 


456036.73 


698 


2192.83 


382649.13 


763 


2397.04 


457234.46 


699 


2195.97 


383746.33 


764 


2400.18 


458433.77 


700 


2199.11 


384845.10 


765 


2403.32 


459634.64 


701 


2202.26 


385945.44 


766 


2406.46 


460837.08 


702 


2205.40 


387047.36 


767 


2409.60 


462041.10 


703 


2208.54 


388150.84 


768 


2412.74 


463246.69 


704 


2211.68 


389255.90 


769 


2415.88 


464453.84 


705 


2214.82 


390362.52 


770 


2419.03 


465662.57 


706 


2217.96 


391470.72 


771 


2422.17 


466872.87 


707 


2221.11 


392580.49 


772 


2425.31 


468084.74 


708 


2224.25 


393691.82 


773 


2428.45 


469298.18 


709 


2227.39 


394804.73 


774 


2431.59 


470513.19 


710 


2230.53 


395919.21 


775 


2434.73 


471729.77 


711 


2233.67 


397035.26 


776 


2437.88 


472947.92 


712 


2236.81 


398152.89 


777 


2441.02 


474167.65 


713 


2239.96 


3^9272.08 


778 


2444.16 


475388.94 


714 


2243.10 


400392.84 


779 


2447.30 


476611.81 


715 


2246.24 


401515.18 


780 


2450.44 


477836.24 



82 


Brld 


g e p o r t B 


rass Company 82 


CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLES \ 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area 


Inches. 


ference. 


Sq. Inches. 


Inches. 
846 


ference. 


Sq. Inches. 


781 


2453.58 


479062.25 


2657.79 


562122.03 


782 


2456.73 


480289.83 


847 


2660.93 


563451.71 


783 


2459.87 


481518.97 


848 


2664.07 


564782.96 


784 


2463.01 


482749.69 


849 


2667.21 


566115.78 


785 


2466.15 


483981.98 


850 


2670.35 


567450.17 


786 


2469.29 


485215.84 


851 


2673.50 


568786.14 


787 


2472.43 


486451.28 


852 


2676.64 


•570123.67 


788 


2475.58 


487688.28 


853 


2679.78 


571462.77 


789 


2478.72 


488926.85 


854 


2682.92 


572803.45 


790 


2481.86 


490166.99 


855 


2686.06 


574145.69 


791 


2485.00 


491408.71 


856 


2689.20 


575489.51 


792 


2488.14 


492651.99 


857 


2692.34 


576834.90 


793 


2491.28 


493896.85 


858 


2695.49 


578181.85 


794 


2494.42 


495143.28 


859 


2698.63 


579530.38 


795 


2497.57 


496391.27 


860 


2701.77 


580880.48 


796 


2500.71 


497640.84 


861 


2704.91 


582232.15 


797 


2503.85 


498891.98 


862 


2708.05 


583585.39 


798 


2506.99 


500144.69 


863 


2711.19 


584940.20 


799 


2510.13 


501398.97 


864 


2714.34 


586296.59 


800 


2513.27 


502654.82 


865 


2717.48 


587654.54 


801 


2516.42 


503912.25 


866 


2720.62 


589014.07 


802 


2519.56 


505171.24 


867 


2723.76 


590375.16 


803 


2522.70 


506431.80 


868 


2726.90 


591737.83 


804 


2525.84 


507693.94 


869 


2730.04 


593102.06 


805 


2528.98 


508957.64 


870 


2733.19 


594467.87 


806 


2532.12 


510222.92 


871 


2736.33 


595835.25 


807 


2535.27 


511489.77 


872 


2739.47 


597204.20 


808 


2538.41 


512758.19 


873 


2742.61 


598574.72 


809 


2541.55 


514028.18 


874 


2745.75 


599946.81 


810 


2544.69 


515299.74 


875 


2748.89 


601320.47 


811 


2547.83 


516572.87 


876 


2752.04 


602695.70 


812 


2550.97 


517847.57 


877 


2755.18 


604072.50 


813 


2554.11 


519123.84 


878 


2758.32 


605450.88 


814 


2557.26 


520401.68 


879 


2761.46 


606830.82 


815 


2560.40 


521681. 10 


880 


2764.60 


608212.34 


816 


2563.54 


522962.08 


881 


2767.74 


609595.42 


817 


2566.68 


524244.63 


882 


2770.88 


610980.08 


818 


2569.82 


525528.76 


883 


2774.03 


612366.31 


819 


2572.96 


526814.46 


884 


2777.17 


613754. 11 


820 


2576.11 


528101.73 


885 


2780.31 


615143.48 


821 


2579.25 


529390.56 


886 


2783.45 


616534.42 


822 


2582.39 


530680.97 


887 


2786.59 


617926.93 


823 


2585.53 


531972.95 


888 


2789.73 


619321.01 


S21 


2588.67 


533266.50 


889 


2792.88 


620716.66 


825 


2591.81 


534561.62 


890 


2796.02 


622113.89 


826 


2594.96 


535858.32 


891 


2799. 16 


623512.68 


827 


2598.10 


537156.58 


892 


2802.30 


624913.04 


828 


2601.24 


538456.41 


893 


2805.44 


626314.98 


829 


2604.38 


539757.82 


894 


2808.58 


627718.49 


830 


2607.52 


541060.79 


895 


2811.73 


629123.56 


831 


2610.66 


542365.34 


896 


2814.87 


630530.21 


832 


2613.81 


543671.46 


897 


2818.01 


631938.43 


833 


2616.95 


544979.15 


898 


2821.15 


633348.22 


834 


2620.09 


546288.40 


899 


2824.29 


634759.58 


835 


2623.23 


547599.23 


900 


2827.43 


636172.51 


836 


2626.37 


548911.63 


901 


2830.58 


637587.01 


837 


2629.51 


550225.61 


902 


2833.72 


639003.09 


838 


2632.65 


551541.15 


903 


2836.86 


640420.73 


839 


2635.80 


552858.26 


904 


2840.00 


641839.95 


840 


2638.94 


554176.94 


905 


2843.14 


643260.73 


841 


2642.08 


555497.20 


906 


2846.28 


644683.09 


842 


2645.22 


556819.02 


907 


2849.42 


646107.01 


843 


2648.36 


558142.42 


908 


2852.57 


647532.51 


844 


2651.50 


559467.39 


909 


2855,71 


648959.58 


845 


2654.65 


560793.92 


910 


2858.85 


650388.22 



83 


Bridgeport, 


Conn 


e c ticu t 83 


CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLES || 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area. 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area. 


Inches. 


ference. 


Sq. Inches. 


Inches 


1 ference. 


Sq. Inches. 


911 


2861.99 


651818.43 


976 


3066.19 


748151.44 


912 


2865.13 


653250.21 


977 


3069.34 


749685.32 


913 


2868.27 


654683.56 


978 


3072.48 


751220.78 


914 


2871.42 


656118.48 


070 


3075.62 


752757.80 


915 


2874.56 


657554.98 


980 


3078.76 


754296.40 


916 


2877.70 


658993.04 


981 


[ 3081.90 


755836.56 


917 


2880.84 


660432.68 


982 


3085.04 


757378.30 


918 


2883.98 


661873.88 


983 


3088.19 


758921.61 


919 


2887.12 


663316.66 


984 


3091.33 


760466.48 


920 


2890.27 


664761.01 


985 


3094.47 


762012.93 


921 


2893.41 


666206.92 


986 


3097.61 


763560.95 


922 


2896.55 


667654.41 


987 


, 3100.75 


765110.54 


923 


2899.69 


669103.47 


988 


' 3103.89 


766661.70 


924 


2902.83 


670554.10 


989 


3107.04 


768214.44 


925 


2905.97 


672006.30 


990 


, 3110.18 


769768.74 


926 


2909.11 


673460.08 


991 


3113.32 


771324.61 


927 


2912.26 


674915.42 


992 


3116.46 


772882.06 


928 


2915.40 


676372.33 


993 


3119.60 


774441.07 


929 


2918.54 


677830.82 


994 


3122.74 


776001.66 


930 


2921.68 


679290.87 


995 


3125.88 


777563.82 


931 


2924.82 


680752.50 


996 


3129.03 


779127.54 


932 


2927.96 


682215.69 


997 


3132.17 


780692.84 


933 


2931.11 


683680.46 


998 


3135.31 


782259.71 


934 


2934.25 


685146.80 


999 


3138.45 


783828.15 


935 


2937.39 


686614.71 


1.000 


3141.59 


785398.16 


936 


2940.53 


688084.19 


1.001 


3.1447 


.7870 


937 


2943.67 


689555.24 


2 


3.1479 


.7885 


938 


2946.81 


691027.86 


3 


3.1510 


.7901 


939 


2949.96 


692502.05 


4 


3.1542 


.7917 


940 


2953.10 


693977.82 


5 


3.1573 


.7933 


941 


2956.24 


695455.15 


6 


3.1604 


.7948 


942 


2959.38 


696934.06 


7 


3.1636 


.7964 


943 


2962.52 


698414.53 


8 


3.1668 


.7980 


944 


2965.66 


699896.58 


9 


3.1700 


.7996 


945 


2968.81 


701380.19 


1.010 


3.1731 


.8012 


946 


2971.95 


702865.38 


1 


3.1762 


.8027 


947 


2975.09 


704352.14 


2 


3.1794 


.8044 


948 


2978.23 


705840.47 


3 


3.1825 


.8059 


949 


2981.37 


707330.37 


4 


3.1857 


.8075 


950 


2984.51 


708821.84 


5 


3.1888 


.8091 


951 


2987.65 


710314.88 


6 


3.1920 


.8107 


952 


2990.80 


711809.50 


7 


3.1951 


.8123 


953 
954 


2993.94 


713305.68 


8 


3.1982 


.8139 


2997.08 


714803.43 


9 


3.2014 


.8155 


955 


3000.22 


716302.76 


1.020 


3.2045 


.8171 


956 


3003.36 


717803.66 


1 


3.2077 


.8187 1 


957 


3006.50 


719306.12 


2 


3.2108 


.8203 i 


958 


3009.65 


720810.16 


3 


3.2139 


.8219 


959 


3012.79 


722315.77 


4 


3.2171 


.8235 1 


960 


3015.93 


723822.95 


5 


3.2202 


.8252 1 


961 


3019.07 


725331.70 


6 


3.2234 


.8268 j 


962 


3022.21 


726842.02 


7 


3.2265 


.8284 ; 


963 


3025.35 


728353.91 


8 


3.2297 


.8300 


964 


3028.50 


729867.37 


9 


3.2328 


.8316 


965 


3031.64 


731382.40 


1.030 


3.2359 


.8332 


966 


3034.78 


732899.01 


1 


3.2391 


.8349 


967 


3037.92 


734417.18 


2 


3.2422 


.8365 


968 


3041.06 


735936.93 


3 


3.2454 


.8381 i 


969 


3044.20 


737458.24 


4 


3.2485 


.8397 1 


970 


3047.34 


738981.13 


5 


3.2516 


.8413 i 


971 


3050.49 


740505.59 


6 


3.2548 


.8430 ; 


972 


3053.63 


742031.62 


7 


3.2579 


.8446 : 


973 


3056.77 


743559.22 


8 


3.2611 


.8462 I 


974 


3059.91 


745088.39 


9 


3.2642 


.8479 i 


975 


3063,05 


746619.13 


1.040 


3.2674 


.8495 



84 


Brid 


geport Brass Company 84 


CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLES || 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area 


Inches 


ference 


Sq. Inches 


Inches 


ference 


Sq. Inches 


1.041 


3.2705 


.8511 


1.107 


3.4778 


.9625 


2 


3.2736 


.8528 


8 


3.4810 


.9642 


3 


3.2768 


.8544 


9 


3.4841 


.9660 


4 


3.2799 


.8560 


1.110 


3.4873 


.9677 


5 


3.2831 


.8577 


1 


3.4904 


.9694 


6 


3.2862 


.8593 


2 


3.4935 


.9712 


7 


3.2892 


.8609 


3 


3.4967 


.9729 


8 


3.2924 


.8626 


4 


3.4998 


.9747 


9 


3.2955 


.8643 


5 


3.5030 


.9764 


1.050 


3.2987 


.8659 


6 


3.5061 


.9782 


1 


3.3018 


.8676 


7 


3.5093 


.9799 


2 


3.3050 


.8692 


8 


3.5124 


.9817 


3 


3.3081 


.8709 


9 


3.5155 


.9834 


4 


3.3112 


.8725 


1.120 


3.5187 


.9852 


5 


3.3144 


.8742 


1 


3.5218 


.9870 


6 


3.3175 


.8758 


2 


3.5250 


.9887 


7 


3.3207 


.8775 


3 


3.5281 


.9905 


8 


3.3238 


.8792 


4 


3.5312 


.9923 


9 


3.3269 


.8808 


5 


3.5344 


.9940 


1.060 


3.3301 


.8825 


6 


3.5375 


.9958 


1 


3.3332 


.8841 


7 


3.5407 


.9976 


2 


3.3364 


.8858 


8 


3.5438 


.9993 


3 


3.3395 


.8875 


9 


3.5470 


1.001 


4 


3.3427 


.8891 


1.130 


3.5501 


1.003 


5 


3.3458 


.8908 


1 


3.5532 


1.005 


6 


3.3489 


.8925 


2 


3.5564 


1.006 


7 


3.3521 


.8942 


3 


3.5595 


1.008 


8 


3.3552 


.8958 


4 


3.5627 


1.010 


9 


3.3584 


.8975 


5 


3.5658 


1.012 


1.070 


3.3616 


.8992 


6 


3.5689 


1.014 


1 


3.3647 


.9009 


7 


3.5721 


1.015 


2 


3.3679 


.9026 


8 


3.5752 


1.017 


3 


3.3710 


.9043 


9 


3.5784 


1.019 


4 


3.3742 


.9059 


1.140 


3.5815 


1.021 


5 


3.3773 


.9076 


1 


3.5847 


1.023 


6 


3.3805 


.9093 


2 


3.5878 


1.024 


7 


3.3836 


.9110 


3 


3.5909 


1.026 


8 


3.3867 


.9127 


4 


3.5947 


1.028 


9 


3.3899 


.9144 


5 


3.5972 


1.030 


1.080 


3.3930 


.9161 


6 


3.6004 


1.032 


1 


3.3962 


.9178 


7 


3.6035 


1.033 


2 


3.3993 


.9195 


8 


3.6066 


1.035 


3 


3.4024 


.9212 


9 


3.6098 


1.037 


4 


3.4056 


.9229 


1.150 


3.6129 


1.039 


5 


3.4087 


.9246 


1 


3.6161 


1.040 


6 


3.4119 


.9263 


2 


3.6192 


1.042 


7 


3.4150 


.9280 


3 


3.6224 


1.044 


8 


3.4182 


• .9297 


4 


3.6255 


1.046 


9 


3.4213 


.9314 


5 


3.6286 


1.048 


1.090 


3.4244 


.9331 


6 


3.6318 


1.050 


1 


3.4276 


.9348 


7 


3.6349 


1.051 


2 


3.4307 


.9366 


8 


3.6381 


1.053 


3 


3.4339 


.9383 


9 


3.6412 


1.055 


4 


3.4370 


.9400 


1.160 


3.6443 


1.057 


5 


3.4401 


.9417 


1 


3.6475 


1.059 


6 


3.4433 


.9434 


2 


3.6506 


1.060 


7 


3.4464 


.9452 


3 


3.6538 


1.062 


8 


3.4496 


.9469 


4 


3.6569 


1.064 


9 


3.4527 


.9486 


5 


3.6601 


1.066 


1.100 


3.4558 


.9503 


6 


3.6632 


1.068 


1 


3.4570 


.9521 




3.6663 


1.070 


2 


3.4621 


.9538 


8 


3.6695 


1.071 


3 


3.4653 


.9555 


9 


3.6726 


1.073 


4 


3.4684 


.9573 


1.170 


3.6758 


1.075 


5 


3.4716 


.9590 


1 


3.6789 


1.077 


6 


3.4747 


.9607 


2 


3.6820 


1.079 



I 



85 


Bridgeport, 


Connecticu 


t 85 


CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLES \ 


Diam, 


Circum- 


Area 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area 


Inches 


ference 


Sq. Inches 


Inches 


ference 


Sq. Inches 


1.173 


3.6852 


1.081 


1.238 3.8893 


1.204 


4 


3.6883 


1.082 


9 


3.8924 


1.206 


5 


3.6915 


1.084 


1.240 


3.8956 


1.208 


6 


3.6946 


1.086 


1 


3.8987 


1.210 


7 


3.6978 


1.088 


2 


3.9019 


1.212 


8 


3.7009 


1.090 


3 


3.9050 


1.214 


9 


3.7040 


1.092 


4 


3.9082 


1.215 


1.180 


3.7072 


1.094 


5 


3.9113 


1.217 


1 


3.7103 


1.095 


6 


3.9144 


1.219 


2 


3.7135 


1.097 


7 


3.9176 


1.221 


3 


3.7165 


1.099 


8 


3.9207 


1.223 


4 


3.7197 


1.101 


9 


3.9239 


1.225 


5 


3.7229 


1.103 


1.250 


3.9270 


1.227 


6 


3.7260 


1.105 


1 


3.9301 


1.229 


7 


3.7292 


1.107 


2 


i.9Z3i 


1.231 


8 


3.7323 


1.108 


3 


3.9364 


1.233 


9 


3.7354 


1.110 


4 


3.9396 


1.235 


1.190 


3.7386 


1.112 


5 


3.9427 


1.237 


1 


3.7417 


1.114 


6 


3.9458 


1.239 


2 


3.7449 


1.116 


7 1 3.9490 


1.241 


3 


3.7480 


1.118 


8 1 3.9521 


1.243 


4 


3.7516 


1.120 


9 3.9553 


1.245 


5 


3.7543 


1.122 


1.260 3.9584 


1.247 


6 


3.7574 


1.124 


1 3.9615 


1.249 


7 


3.7606 


1.125 


2 3.9647 


1.251 


8 


3.7637 


1.127 


3 3.9678 


1.253 


9 


3.7669 


1.129 


4 3.9710 


1.255 


1.200 


3.7699 


1.131 


5 3.9741 


1.257 


1 


3.7731 


1.134 


6 3.9773 


1.259 


2 


3.7762 


1.135 


7 ! 3.9804 


1.261 


3 


3.7793 


1.137 


8 


3.9835 


1.263 


4 


3.7825 


1.139 


9 


3.9867 


1.265 


5 


3.7856 


1.140 


1.270 


3.9898 


1.267 


6 


3.7888 


1.142 


1 


3.9930 


1.269 


7 


3.7919 


1.144 


2 


3.9961 


1.271 


8 


3.7951 


1.146 


3 


3.9993 


1.273 


9 


3.7982 


1.148 


4 


4.0024 


1.275 


1.210 


3.8013 


1.150 


5 


4.0055 


1.277 


1 


3.8045 


1.152 


6 


4.0087 


1.279 


2 


3.8076 


1.154 


7 


4.0118 


1.281 


3 


3.8108 


1.156 


8 


4.0150 


1.283 


4 


3.8139 


1.158 


9 


4.0181 


1.285 


5 


3.8170 


1.159 


1.280 


4.0212 


1.287 


6 


3.8202 


1. 161 


1 


4.0244 


1.289 


7 


3.8233 


1.163 


2 


4.0275 


1.291 


8 


3.8265 


1.165 


3 


4.0307 


1.293 


9 


3.8296 


1.167 


4 


4.0338 


1.295 


1.220 


3.8328 


1. 169 


5 


4.0369 


1.297 


1 


3.8359 


1.171 


6 


4.0401 


1.299 


2 


3.8390 


1.173 


7 


4.0432 


1.301 


3 


3.8422 


1.175 


8 


4.0464 


1.303 


4 


3.8453 


1.177 


9 


4.0495 


1.305 


5 


3.8485 


1.179 


1.290 


4.0527 


1.307 


6 


3.8516 


1.181 


1 


4.0558 


1.309 


7 


3.8547 


1.182 


2 


4.0589 


1.311 


8 


3.8579 


1.184 


3 


4.0621 


1.313 


9 


3.8610 


1.186 


4 


4.0652 


1.315 


1.230 


3.8642 


1.188 


5 


4.0684 


1.317 




3.8673 


1.190 


6 


4.0715 


1.319 


2 


3.8705 


1.192 


7 


4.0747 


1.321 


3 


3.8736 


1.194 


8 


4.0778 


1.323 


4 


3.8767 


1.196 


9 


4.0809 


1.325 


5 


3.8799 


1.198 


1.300 


4.0841 


1.327 


6 


3.8830 


1.200 


1 


4.0872 


1.329 


7 


3.8862 


1.202 


2 


4.0904 


1.332 



86 


Bridgeport Brass C 


o m p a n y 86 


CIRCUMFERENCES AND AREAS OF CIRCLES || 


Diam. 


Circum- 


Area 


Diam. Circum- 


Area 


Inches 


ference 


Sq. Inches 


Inches ; ference 


Sq. Inches 


1.303 


4.0935 


1.334 


1.352 ! 4.2474 


1.436 


4 


4.0966 


1.335 


3 4.2506 


1.438 


5 


4.0998 


1.337 


4 : 4.2537 


1.440 


6 


4.1029 


1.340 


5 4.2569 


1.442 


7 


4.1061 


1.342 


6 4.2600 


1.444 


8 


4.1092 


1.344 


7 ; 4.2632 


1.446 


9 


4.1124 


1.364 


8 4.2663 


1.448 


1.310 


4.1155 


1.348 


9 4.2694 


1.451 


1 


4.1186 


1.350 


1.360 4.2726 


1.453 


2 


4.1218 


1.352 


1 : 4.2757 


1.455 


3 


4.1249 


1.354 


2 : 4.2789 


1.457 


4 1 4.1281 


1.356 


3 ' 4.2820 


1.459 


5 4.1312 


1.358 


4 ; 4.2851 


1.461 


6 4.1343 


- 1.360 


5 1 4.2883 


1.463 


7 4.1375 


1.362 


6 4.2914 


1.466 


8 4.1406 


1.364 


7 4.2946 


1.468 


9 1 4.1438 


1.366 


8 1 4.2977 


1.470 


1.320 4.1469 


1.368 


9 4.3009 


1.472 


1 1 4.1501 


1.371 


1.370 4.3040 


1.474 


2 ! 4.1532 


1.373 


1 \ 4.3071 


1.476 


3 4.1563 


1.375 


2 4.3103 


1.478 


4 4.1595 


1.377 


3 1 4.3134 


1.481 


5 \ 4.1626 


1.379 


4 4.3166 


1.483 


6 i 4.1658 


1.381 


5 4.3197 


1.485 


7 4.1689 


1.383 


6 4.3228 


1.487 


8 


4.1720 


1.385 


7 4.3260 


1.489 


9 


4.1752 


1.387 


8 4.3291 


1.491 


1.330 


4.1783 


1.389 


9 


4.3323 


1.493 


1 4.1815 


1.391 


1.380 


4.3354 


1.496 


2 4. 1846 


1.394 


1 


4.3385 


1.498 


3 4.1878 


1.396 


2 4.3417 


1.500 


4 4.1909 


1.398 


3 4.3448 


1.502 


5 4.1940 


1.400 


4 4.3480 


1.504 


6 4.1972 1.402 


5 4.3511 


1.507 


7 4.2003 


1.404 


6 4.3543 


1.509 


8 4.2035 


1.406 


7 4.3574 


1.511 


9 4.2066 


1.408 


8 4.3605 


1.513 


1.340 4.2097 


1.410 


9 4.3637 


1.515 


1 4.2129 


1.412 


1.390; 4.3668 


1.517 


2 1 4.2160 


1.415 


1 1 4.3670 


1.520 


3 1 4.2192 


1.417 


2 1 4.3731 


1.522 


4 4.2223 


1.419 


3 4.3762 


1.524 


5 1 4.2255 


1.421 


4 4.3794 


1.526 


6 


4.2286 


1.423 


5 : 4.3825 


1.528 


7 


4.2317 


1.425 


6,; 4.3857 


1.531 


8 


4.2349 


1.427 


7 4.3888 


1.533 


9 


4.2380 


1.429 


8 ' 4.3920 


1.535 


1.350 , 4.2412 


1.431 


9 4.3951 


1.537 


1 , 4.2443 


1.434 


1.400 '■ 4.3982 


1.539 


I Mensuration of Solid Cylinders. Cones, E 


,tc. 


Cylinder = Area of one end X length. 




Sphere = Diameter »X 0.5236. 




Segment of Sphere = 0.5236 H (H2 + 3 R2), where I 


I = height of 


segment and R = radius of the base of the segment. 




Cone or Pyramid = Area of base X § perpendicular 


height. 


Frustum = | H (a + a + V A X a). When A and 


a = Areas of 


the ends, H = Perpendicular height. 




Frustum of Cone = 0.2618 H (D^ +d2+ D.J). \\ 


'hen D and d 


= the diameters of each end, H = Perpendicular height 




Wedge = Area of base X § perpendicular height. 




Frustum of Wedge = | H (A + a), when A and a = 


Area at each 


end, H = Perpendicular height. 





87 Bridgeport, Conn 


e c t i c u t 


87 


\ RULES FOR CALCULATING 


AREAS, CIRCUM- 


FERENCE, ETC. OF CIRCLES, 


HEXAGONS AND 


OCTAGONS. 






To Find the Area : 






Multiply sq. of radius by 


3.1416 Log. 


= 0.49715 


Or " " diameter by 


0.7854 " 


= 1.89509 


" " " circumference by 


0.07958 " 


= 2.90079 


To Find the Circumference: 






Alultiply radius by 


6.2832 Log. 


= 0.79818 


Or " diameter bv 


3.1416 " 
3.5449 " 


= 0.49715 
= 0.54960 


" " square root of the area by 


To Find the Diameter: 






Multiply radius by 


2.00000 Log. 


= 0.30103 




0.31831 " 


= 1.50285 


" " square root of the area by 


1.1284 " 


= 0.05246 


To Find the Radius : 






Multiply diameter by. . . 


.50000 Log. 
15915 " 


— 1 69897 


Or " circumference by 


— 1 20183 


" " square root of the area by 


.56419 " 


= 1.75143 


To Find Side of an Inscribed Square : 




Multiply diameter by 


0.7071 






0.2251 






4.4428 




To Find Side of an Equal Square : 






Multiply diameter by 


0.8862 




Or divide diameter by 


1.1284 




" multiply circumference by 


0.2821 




" divide circumference by 


3.545 




To Find the Area of a Hexagon: 






Multiply the square of the distance across by . 


0.86603 Log. 


= 1.93753 


Or ' ' the area of the inscribed circle by 


1.1027 " 


= 0.04244 


To Find the Area of an Octagon: 






Multiply the square of the distance across by . . 


0.82843 Log. 


= 1.91825 


Or " the area of the inscribed circle by . . . 


1.0548 " 


= 0.02316 

- 



88 Bridgeport Brass Company 88 

THE REAL CAUSE OF UNUSUAL CORROSION OF 
CONDENSER TUBES 

Reports of Experts Showing that Corrosion is Due to 

Electrolytic Action, Caused by Intake of Cinders 

and Other Foreign Substances 

\/r ARINE ENGINEERS and Engineers of Tide 
Water Power Stations will be interested in 
the following summary of the reports of various 
investigators of causes of corrosion of condenser 
tubes. These experts, without exception, point to 
intake conditions as the source of this corrosion. 

Prof. A. Humbolt Sexton of the University of 
Glasgow, writing in the Engineering Magazine of 
November, 1905, states: 

"The corrosion of condenser tubes is one of the diflficulties 
which the marine engineer has constantly before his mind, for 
not only do the failures thus caused give him endless trouble, 
and put him to considerable expense, but the corrosion takes 
place in so many ways and seems to be so erratic that it is 
almost impossible to guard against it, and in the minds of 
many engineers that is a feeling of uncertainty and insecurity 
which is far from pleasant. 

"The question, however, remains to be answered: 

"Why is the action so much more rapid in some cases than 
in others? Why is it that whilst in some cases condenser 
tubes will last ten years or more, in others they fail in a few 
months, or occasionally even in a few weeks? 

"Obviously the fault — if fault there be — or at any rate the 
reason must be in one of two places. It must either be due 
to something in the nature of the tubes themselves, or to 
the conditions under which they have been worked. There 
is no alternative unless we assume some occult cause to 
explain the apparently erratic behaviour. Each view has 
its advocates, the former being favored as a rule by engineers 
who use the tubes, but who are not familiar with the processes 
of manufacture while the latter is the view taken by the 
manufacturers. I hold no brief for either side; I have in- 
vestigated the matter as fully as I have been able, both in 
the laboratory and by practical examination of cases of failure, 
and I am quite familiar with the methods by which the tubes 



89 Bridgeport, Connecticut 89 

are made, and the processes through which they pass before 
reaching the engineer who will use them. 

"I feel quite certain that the cause of variation in the 
durability of condenser tubes is not to be found in the chemical 
composition or physical structure of the metal, nor in any 
variation in the process of manufacture, nor in anything con- 
nected with the tubes; indeed the tube-maker, while keeping 
to the specific composition and passing the tubes through the 
usual tests for soundness, could not, if he tried, turn out a 
tube specially liable to corrosion. This is, of course, not the 
usual opinion of engineers. They say : ' Here are two steamers 
working under exactly similar conditions, and whilst in one 
the tubes have stood well, in the other they have corroded 
ver}^ rapidly; therefore the reason must be in the quality of 
the tubes.' This dilemma may, however, be put in another 
way. Here are two steamers fitted with exactly similar tubes 
selected haphazard out of one large parcel. In the one 
steamer the tubes have stood well, whilst in the other they 
have corroded rapidly, therefore there must be a difference 
in the conditions of working. The latter is certainly the cor- 
rect view, for there are so many possible variations in the 
conditions of working that it is impossible to decide when 
these are uniform. 

"I have come to the conclusion that rapid and irregular 
corrosion as distinguished from that due to normal action of 
sea water, is almost invariably due to the electrolytic action 
set up by the contact of particles of substances electro- 
negative to the brass, probably in most cases carbon. As to 
the cure for irregular corrosion there is none, — at any rate 
after it has made progress, but like many diseases if it can't 
be cured, it can be prevented, and I am strongly of the opinion 
that it is always preventable." 

The same author in his recent work, "The Cor- 
rosion and Protection of Metals," further says: 

"From what has been said on the action of sea water on 
brass, it is quite evident that all condenser tubes must be 
corroded in time, and that the corrosion will always in the 
first instance be de-zincification, but whether the spongy 
copper left will remain in the tube or whether it will be removed 
will depend upon the eroding power of the water. 

'"The formation of the holes in a condenser tube at once 
suggests local electro-chemical action. It is quite certain that 
it is not due to anything in the brass. Brass condenser tubes 



90 Bridgeport Brass Company 90 

are of uniform composition, and even if they were not, slight 
variations in the percentage of copper in places would not 
set up electrolytic action. Nor are there any impurities 
present that could have this effect. A very large number of 
samples of condenser tubes, both those which have stood 
well, and those which have failed quickly, have been ex- 
amined, but in no case has any foreign matter been found. 
Owing to the severity of the mechanical process of drawing, 
only comparatively pure metals can be used. 

"If the corrosion is not due to the metal it must be caused 
by something external to the tube, and the author is con- 
vinced that this is always the case, though he knows that 
this is not the opinion of many marine engineers. The 
blame being laid on the metals seems to be due to two causes: 
(1) that it is easier to blame someone else; and (2) that the 
causes of corrosion are so obscure that it is very difficult to 
trace them. Two steamers may be working under apparently 
similar conditions, yet in one the tubes last well, and in the 
other they fail rapidly, and therefore it is natural to think 
that the metal is at fault. Against this may be put the 
similar fact that tubes of exactly the same composition and 
make may be supplied to two steamers; in one they may stand 
well, and in the other they may fail rapidly. 

"As a matter of fact, there are so many possible differences 
in the conditions of working, depending on the character of 
the water used and the care which the engineer takes of his 
condenser, that one can never say for certain that the con- 
ditions under which the tubes have been placed in two steam- 
ers are the same. 

"The rapid and irregular corrosion of the tubes seems to be 
always due to the pressure of some foreign substance which 
can set up electrolytic action, and thus lead to local corrosion. 

"It has been suggested that the cause may be fragments 
of copper scale left inside the tubes by the maker. This, 
however, is certainly not the case, for copper scale does not 
set up action on brass. 

"The most likely substance is carbon, which, in any form, 
rapidly starts corrosion. Cinders may easily be drawn in to 
the condensers. On such a river as the Clyde, cinders, char- 
coal, and other materials are very common, and may easily 
be drawn in with the feed water. In one case, indeed, a 
cinder was actually found embedded in a condenser tube. 
Very frequently ashes are discharged in such a way that 
they can be drawn into the condenser. 



91 Bridgeport, Connecticut 91 



"It is, of course, impossible to protect condenser tubes by 
any internal coating and the only method of minimizing 
corrosion is to work the condenser under the best possible 
conditions. 

"If these conditions were always attended to, there would 
be fewer cases of mysterious corrosion." 

Prof. Sexton's recommendations for the preven- 
tion of trouble of this character are as follows : 

1st. — The corrosion from the presence of solid particles 
can take place only if such particles are allowed to rest in 
the tubes. If the current be strong, therefore, corrosion is 
little likely to take place, while if it be sluggish, corrosion 
is very probable. Should a tube become partially stopped 
for any reason, that tube is specially liable to corrosion. 
Sluggish circulation is a very common cause of corrosion. 

2nd. — The tube must be frequently cleaned, so that any 
deposit which is formed may be removed. This is of special 
importance in steamers running in foul rivers which may 
readily pick up substances which may cause adhesion of 
objectionable material. As has been pointed out, tubes that 
had corroded badly are almost always characterized by the 
presence of a heavy deposit. 

3rd. — The tubes should never be left full of water when the 
steamer is at rest, but should be run dry and perfectly washed 
out with clean water as soon as the day's work is done. 
This, too, is of special importance in steamers running on 
foul rivers when objectionable material may be drawn in, 
which during the period of rest will settle to the bottom of the 
tube and form a lodgment from which it will not be displaced 
when work is resumed, and so corrosion may set up, and 
once started it will go on rapidly under the deposit formed." 

Sir Gerard Muntz, the celebrated member of 
the well-known firm of Great Britain in a discus- 
sion before the Institute of Metals, Volume No. 2, 
1909, states: 

"As to the nature of the deposits found in the tubes it 
was ninety-nine times out of a hundred something which had 
been brought in, and not anj^hing from the tubes themselves. 
It was generally matter which had been brought in by the 
circulation water. 



92 Bridgeport Brass Company 92 

"Many cases of corrosion were the result of the flow of 
the circulating water being too slow to scour away the de- 
posits which were thus allowed to remain in contact with 
the surface of the tube. Another cause of corrosion was the 
decomposition of air and gases. This might result from too 
slow a flow in the circulation, and the consequent overheating 
of the water, or it might be caused by misplacement, or mal- 
formation, of the water intake, whereby the introduction of 
an excessive quantity of free air was brought about. He had 
met with cases of this nature where, after several sets of 
tubes had failed, an alteration of the intake had been made 
and the trouble had altogether ceased. Of course in such 
a case they always blamed the manufacturer. He remem- 
bered a case in which they had frequent complaints until the 
Engineer, having made a little examination of the tubes, 
thought he would try making a change in the intake. The 
whole trouble then disappeared. It had occurred inside 
eighteen months and since then the condensers had been 
running without complaint for several years." 

"Corrosion was often due to concentration and evolution 
of gas owing to roughness and obstruction." 

Mr. Weston of the English Admiralty in a dis- 
cussion before the Institution of Civil Engineers 
in 1903 said regarding the corrosion of condenser 
tubes : 

"The Admiralty found it was purely local, and only took 
place occasionally. Mr. Weston thought it was due to an 
accretion of matter in the tubes, which retained the moisture 
and set up minute electro-chemical action which gradually 
pierced the tubes without any reduction in size outside the 
perforated spots." 

Mr. Tomlinson of the Broughton Copper Com- 
pany, in a discussion before the Institution of 
Civil Engineers in 1903, said: 

"Referring to condenser tubes, sea-going engineers thought 
nothing of having a few tubes give out occasionally. The 
trouble arose when a number of tubes gave out almost simul- 
taneously, which he thought showed fairly conclusively, as 
was often borne out by chemical analysis, that the fault did 
not lie with the metal, but with the conditions of use." 



93 Bridgeport, Connecticut 93 

Again : 

"In the laboratory a sample of any brass tube could be 
pitted through in the course of a few hours or a day with a 
current of .5 amperes, using an electrolyte containing only 
compounds of sodium, chlorine, and iron with water, all of 
which were sometimes found in the condensers of a ship. He 
submitted a small sample of tube which a pit-hole had been 
made through in a few hours." 

"A set of condenser tubes might last from ten to twenty 
years; but under bad conditions would fail in as many weeks." 

To show what effect stray currents may have we quote 
Mr, A. Sinclair of Swansea, in a discussion of Mr. E. L. 
Rhead's paper on "Notes on Some Probable Causes of the 
Corrosion of Copper and Brass, Institute of Metals, 1909, 
Volume II. 

"One case is of special interest, as it may afford a clue 
to the cause producing the perforations. An electric lighting 
station, also generating current for tramway purposes, had 
two identically similar engines, one driving an alternator, 
the other a continuous current generator. In the alternating 
set no trouble has been experienced, whilst in the other the 
condenser tubes have been repeatedly broken down." 

Sir William A. Tilden, F.R.S., in a discussion 
following the reading of the Report of the Corrosion 
Committee of the Institute of Metals : 

"He thought that a good deal of mischief was done to 
condenser tubes while vessels were in port and the tubes 
empty, i. e., when they were lying with a little water extending 
along the bottom and the air had free access." 

Mr. A. E. Seaton, Member of Council 
(at same meeting) 
" He had never known a case where the plates were of cast 
iron, that the tubes had pitted. The practice of fitting the 
tubes into tube plates with wooden ferrules, and so insulating 
them, may have had some effect on their preservation. It 
is true the iron tube plates become soft, like a piece of 
plumbago. The most severe case of pitting, that he could 
recall, occurred in a mill at Grimsby, where the circulating 
water was sea water obtained from a dead portion of the dock; 
the water was therefore stagnant sea water. When the owner 
of the mill spoke about it, Mr. Seaton told him he thought 
he could supply him with a set of tubes that would be satis- 
factory. He thereupon deliberately took some old tubes 
that had been in use in a ship for about ten or fifteen years 



94 Bridgeport Brass Company 94 

and were still perfectly good. He thought that if the tubes 
had stood that service so long they would keep good at the 
mill. To be quite sure, however, he had the tubes retinned. 
Much to his chagrin, they did not last much longer than those 
previously used, so that he gave up that mill in despair. 
He now had no doubt that it was the stagnant sea water 
that caused the severe action on the tubes. 

Mr. Arnold Philip, B.Sc, Admiralty Chemist 
(at the same meeting) 

In one instance that had come to his attention, a con- 
denser had broken down seriously, the tubes had been removed 
and a statistical examination of them had been made. The 
tubes were marked before they were removed from the 
condenser, to show which was the bottom and which was the 
top. In 90 per cent, of the corroded tubes it was found that 
.the corrosion was along a line on the inside bottom surface. 

One point came out very strongly in the paper by Admiral 
Comer, namely: that a real protective effect was produced, 
by the presence of iron. For instance, in a steel cased 
condenser no trouble was experienced from corrosion of the 
brass tubes, and when steel doors were put on to another 
condenser the same was found to be the case. This struck 
him as being very valuable evidence, still further accentuated 
by the fact that directly the steel casing in the first example 
was coated with lead paint the protection disappeared and 
corrosion troubles began." 

Mr. F.Johnson, M.Sc., Swansea, (at same meeting) 
He strongly supported the views of Sir. G. Muntz and 
the author as to the casting of brass for condenser tubes. 
With ordinarily careful alloying in the casting shop, not the 
slightest variation in composition should result. Other 
causes might possibly contribute to variations in the com- 
position of a casting, e. g. incomplete removal of dross, 
unduly prolonged or accidentally intermittent pouring. 
In such cases, however, the casting would probably fail in 
the subsequent drawing operations — an almost infallible 
test. If tubes had withstood the severe treatment imposed 
by the modem drawbench, one might safely assume that the 
caster had performed his share of the work satisfactorily 
in so far as mixing and clean pouring was concerned. 

It is a well established fact that engineers who 
have observed the precautions suggested by these 
investigations have had comparatively^ little 
trouble from the corrosion of condenser tubes. 



95 Bridgeport, Connecticut 95 

======= — 

The exacting conditions under which "Bridgeport" 
tubing is made, and its invariable homogeneity, 
preclude the possibility of unusual corrosion. 
Such corrosion must be due to conditions of 
intake or other causes as described. 

The result of the foregoing investigations con- 
firm the findings of our own metallurgists and 
engineers. We have yet to find a single case in 
which corrosion could be traced to defects of any 
kind in tubing made by the Bridgeport Brass Company. 

Have you ever had Condenser Tubes Crack ? 

Condenser Tubes made under "Bridgeport" speci- 
fications will not crack. 

During the past fifteen years — the period of our 
largest production — we have not received a single 
complaint of the cracking of any tube made under 
''Bridgeport" specifications. 



Data References : 

The Corrosion and Protection of Metals. — Prof. A. Hum- 
bolt Sexton. 

Corrosion of Pipes on Ship-board. — A. W. Stewart, Institute 
of Naval Architecture, 4r-3-'03. 

Corrosion of Condenser Tubes. — A Humbolt Sexton, 
Eng. Magazine, May, 1905. 

Corrosion of Pipes and Sheets, Influence of Sea Water on 

Copper and Copper Alloys. — H. Dingal. 
Corrosion of Condenser Tubes. — ^Jas. F. Hobart, Penna. '02, 

The Decay of Metals. — Milton & Larke, Institution of 
Civil Eng. 1903. 

Sir Gerard Muntz.— Page No. 88, Vol. II, Institute of 
Metals. 

W. W. Churchill. — American Association for the Advance- 
ment of Science. 

Engineer-in-Chief Isherwood, U. S. N. Retired. — ^Journal of 
American Society of Naval Engineers. 

Mr. Weston, of the British Admiralty, Discussed before 
Institution of Civil Engineers, 1903. 



96 



Bridgeport Brass Company 



96 



Mr. Tomlinson, of the Broughton Copper Company, Dis- 
cussion before Institution of Civil Engineers, 1903. 

Mr. E. L. Rhead, F. I. C. Notes on Some Probable Causes 
for Corrosion of Copper and Brass, Vol. II, Institute 
of Metals. 

Failure in Practice of Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys. — 
T. Vaughan Hughes, Institute of Metals, 1910. 

A Report to the Corrosion Committee. — Institute of 
Metals, Guy D. Bengongh, M.A., 191 1. 

Contribution to the History of Corrosion. — Arnold Philip, 
B.Sc, Institute of Metals, 1912. 

Some Practical Experiences with Corrosion of Metals. — 
Engineer Rear Admiral John T. Corner, C.B., Insti- 
tute of Metals, 191 1. 




Bridgeport Brass Company 

Bridgeport, Connecticut 



17 Bridgeport, Connecticut 



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98 Bridgeport Brass Company 98 



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rt, Connecticut 99 




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